{"id":287,"count":14,"description":"<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Evol\u00faci\u00f3s m\u00falt:<\/strong> A \u201egy\u00edkok\u201d elnevez\u00e9s k\u00f6zismert, tudom\u00e1nyos \u00e9rtelemben azonban <strong>nem jel\u00f6l \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3, term\u00e9szetes rendszertani csoportot<\/strong>. A sz\u00f3 a pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k (Squamata) sz\u00e1mos evol\u00faci\u00f3s \u00e1g\u00e1nak hagyom\u00e1nyos gy\u0171jt\u0151neve. Ha a k\u00edgy\u00f3kat k\u00fcl\u00f6nv\u00e1lasztjuk t\u0151l\u00fck, a gy\u00edkok \u00fagynevezett parafiletikus csoportot alkotnak: a modern rokons\u00e1gi vizsg\u00e1latok szerint ugyanis <strong>a k\u00edgy\u00f3k maguk is a gy\u00edkszer\u0171 pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k evol\u00faci\u00f3s \u00e1g\u00e1n bel\u00fcl alakultak ki<\/strong>. A Squamata t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete t\u00f6bb mint 240 milli\u00f3 \u00e9vre, a tri\u00e1sz id\u0151szakig ny\u00falik vissza, m\u00edg a ma \u00e9l\u0151 f\u0151 evol\u00faci\u00f3s vonalak k\u00f6z\u00f6s \u0151se val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg m\u00e1r a dinoszauruszok kor\u00e1nak korai szakasz\u00e1n \u00e9lt.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Kin\u00e9zet \u00e9s \u00e9letm\u00f3d:<\/strong> A klasszikus gy\u00edkalak \u2013 n\u00e9gy l\u00e1b, hossz\u00fa test \u00e9s farok \u2013 val\u00f3j\u00e1ban csak egy a sz\u00e1mtalan lehets\u00e9ges testfel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00fcl. Az evol\u00faci\u00f3 sor\u00e1n <strong>a v\u00e9gtagok cs\u00f6kev\u00e9nyesed\u00e9se vagy teljes elveszt\u00e9se egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r is kialakult<\/strong>, ez\u00e9rt ma sz\u00e1mos k\u00edgy\u00f3szer\u0171, l\u00e1batlan gy\u00edkfaj l\u00e9tezik. M\u00e9ret\u00fck a n\u00e9h\u00e1ny centim\u00e9teres t\u00f6rpefajokt\u00f3l a h\u00e1rom m\u00e9tert is meghalad\u00f3 komod\u00f3i var\u00e1nuszig terjed, \u00e9letm\u00f3djuk pedig hasonl\u00f3an sokf\u00e9le: vannak talajlak\u00f3, f\u00e1n \u00e9l\u0151, \u00e1s\u00f3, sziklalak\u00f3, v\u00edzhez k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151, s\u0151t sikl\u00f3rep\u00fcl\u00e9sre k\u00e9pes fajok is. Sok gy\u00edk vesz\u00e9ly eset\u00e9n k\u00e9pes lev\u00e1lasztani a fark\u00e1t, egyes fajok pedig m\u00e9g k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sebb szaporod\u00e1si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1t k\u00f6vetnek: <strong>l\u00e9teznek olyan gy\u00edkpopul\u00e1ci\u00f3k \u00e9s fajok, amelyek n\u0151st\u00e9nyei h\u00edm n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, sz\u0171znemz\u00e9ssel is k\u00e9pesek ut\u00f3dokat l\u00e9trehozni<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<strong>\u00d6kol\u00f3giai szerep:<\/strong> A gy\u00edkok a vil\u00e1g sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9m\u00e1inak szinte minden szintj\u00e9n jelen vannak. Sok faj rovarokat \u00e9s m\u00e1s gerincteleneket fogyaszt, m\u00e1sok kis gerincesekre vad\u00e1sznak, mik\u00f6zben maguk is madarak, eml\u0151s\u00f6k, k\u00edgy\u00f3k \u00e9s m\u00e1s ragadoz\u00f3k fontos zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny\u00e1llatai. A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyev\u0151 \u00e9s mindenev\u0151 fajok szerepe sem elhanyagolhat\u00f3: k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen szigeteken <strong>magterjeszt\u0151k\u00e9nt, s\u0151t egyes esetekben beporz\u00f3k\u00e9nt is m\u0171k\u00f6dhetnek<\/strong>. A hagyom\u00e1nyosan gy\u00edkoknak nevezett pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt ma mintegy <strong>nyolcezer \u00e9l\u0151 fajt<\/strong> tartanak sz\u00e1mon, a gekk\u00f3kt\u00f3l \u00e9s kam\u00e9leonokt\u00f3l a szkinkeken, ag\u00e1m\u00e1kon \u00e9s legu\u00e1nokon \u00e1t a var\u00e1nuszokig. Rendk\u00edv\u00fcli v\u00e1ltozatoss\u00e1guk ellen\u00e9re sok fajukat az \u00e9l\u0151helyek pusztul\u00e1sa \u00e9s feldarabol\u00f3d\u00e1sa, az inv\u00e1zi\u00f3s fajok, az \u00e9ghajlat v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa \u00e9s egyes esetekben a fenntarthatatlan kereskedelem vesz\u00e9lyezteti.","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/category\/hullok\/gyikok\/","name":"Gy\u00edkok","slug":"gyikok","taxonomy":"category","parent":38,"meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gy\u00edkok &#8211; TerraPlaza magazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gy\u00edkok: evol\u00faci\u00f3, fajismeret, viselked\u00e9s \u00e9s term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem. 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