{"id":290,"count":2,"description":"<strong>Evol\u00faci\u00f3s m\u00falt:<\/strong> A var\u00e1nuszf\u00e9l\u00e9k (Varanidae) a pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k Anguimorpha \u00e1g\u00e1nak jellegzetes k\u00e9pvisel\u0151i. Evol\u00faci\u00f3s gy\u00f6kereik legal\u00e1bb a k\u00e9s\u0151 kr\u00e9ta id\u0151szakig, a dinoszauruszok kor\u00e1ba ny\u00falnak vissza, korai rokonaik fossz\u00edli\u00e1i pedig els\u0151sorban Eur\u00e1zsi\u00e1b\u00f3l ismertek. A ma \u00e9l\u0151 var\u00e1nuszok valamennyien a <em>Varanus<\/em> nemzets\u00e9gbe tartoznak, term\u00e9szetes elterjed\u00e9s\u00fck Afrik\u00e1t\u00f3l D\u00e9l- \u00e9s D\u00e9lkelet-\u00c1zsi\u00e1n \u00e1t Ausztr\u00e1li\u00e1ig \u00e9s az indopacifikus szigetvil\u00e1gig h\u00faz\u00f3dik. Ez azonban kor\u00e1ntsem volt mindig \u00edgy: <strong>a f\u00f6ldt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti m\u00faltban Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban is \u00e9ltek var\u00e1nuszok<\/strong>, \u00e9s fossz\u00edli\u00e1ik a mioc\u00e9nt\u0151l eg\u00e9szen a pleisztoc\u00e9nig ismertek a kontinensr\u0151l.\r\n\r\n<strong>Kin\u00e9zet \u00e9s \u00e9letm\u00f3d:<\/strong> A megny\u00falt nyak, az er\u0151s v\u00e9gtagok \u00e9s farok, valamint a k\u00edgy\u00f3k\u00e9hoz hasonl\u00f3an vill\u00e1s nyelv szinte valamennyi var\u00e1nuszra jellemz\u0151, m\u00e9ret\u00fck azonban rendk\u00edv\u00fcl v\u00e1ltozatos: a legkisebb fajok alig n\u00e9h\u00e1ny t\u00edz centim\u00e9teresek, m\u00edg a komod\u00f3i var\u00e1nusz h\u00e1rom m\u00e9tert meghalad\u00f3 testhosszt is el\u00e9rhet. A var\u00e1nuszok a h\u00fcll\u0151k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt szokatlanul akt\u00edv \u00e9letm\u00f3dra k\u00e9pesek. Sok gy\u00edkn\u00e1l a fut\u00e1shoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges oldalir\u00e1ny\u00fa t\u00f6rzsmozg\u00e1s mechanikailag nehez\u00edti a bord\u00e1kkal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 l\u00e9gz\u00e9st; a var\u00e1nuszok ezt <strong>torokt\u00e1j\u00e9ki pump\u00e1l\u00f3 mozg\u00e1ssal is k\u00e9pesek ellens\u00falyozni<\/strong>, \u00edgy mozg\u00e1s k\u00f6zben hat\u00e9konyabban szell\u0151ztetik t\u00fcdej\u00fcket. A szavannavar\u00e1nusz t\u00fcdej\u00e9ben r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul olyan r\u00e9gi\u00f3kat is kimutattak, ahol a leveg\u0151 egyir\u00e1ny\u00faan \u00e1ramlik \u2013 ez a l\u00e9gz\u00e9si megold\u00e1s kor\u00e1bban els\u0151sorban a madarak \u00e9s krokodilok kapcs\u00e1n volt ismert. A komod\u00f3i var\u00e1nusz k\u00f6r\u00fcl is megd\u0151lt egy r\u00e9gi legenda: zs\u00e1km\u00e1nyszerz\u00e9s\u00e9t <strong>nem egy k\u00fcl\u00f6nlegesen \u201em\u00e9rgez\u0151\u201d bakt\u00e9riumfl\u00f3ra magyar\u00e1zza<\/strong>. Harap\u00e1sa s\u00falyos sz\u00f6veti s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9st \u00e9s v\u00e9rveszt\u00e9st okoz, \u00e1llkapcsi mirigyeinek v\u00e1lad\u00e9k\u00e1ban pedig a v\u00e9ralvad\u00e1st \u00e9s a kering\u00e9st befoly\u00e1sol\u00f3 biol\u00f3giailag akt\u00edv feh\u00e9rj\u00e9ket is kimutattak.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00d6kol\u00f3giai szerep:<\/strong> A legt\u00f6bb var\u00e1nusz akt\u00edv ragadoz\u00f3 vagy opportunista t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00e1s\u00fa faj: gerincteleneket, halakat, k\u00e9t\u00e9lt\u0171eket, h\u00fcll\u0151ket, madarakat \u00e9s eml\u0151s\u00f6ket egyar\u00e1nt zs\u00e1km\u00e1nyolhatnak, sok faj pedig a d\u00f6g\u00f6t sem veti meg. Ezzel fontos szerepet t\u00f6ltenek be zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny\u00e1llataik popul\u00e1ci\u00f3inak szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s a t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kh\u00e1l\u00f3zatok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9ben. A csal\u00e1d azonban m\u00e9g ezen a t\u00e9ren is k\u00e9pes meglepet\u00e9st okozni: <strong>egyes F\u00fcl\u00f6p-szigeteki var\u00e1nuszok jelent\u0151s r\u00e9szben gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6kkel t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoznak<\/strong>, \u00e9s magterjeszt\u0151k\u00e9nt az erdei n\u00f6v\u00e9nyk\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9hez is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulhatnak. A tudom\u00e1ny ma m\u00e1r t\u00f6bb mint <strong>kilencven \u00e9l\u0151 var\u00e1nuszfajt<\/strong> ismer, a fajok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt pedig f\u00f6ld\u00f6n \u00e9l\u0151, \u00e1s\u00f3, f\u00e1n lak\u00f3 \u00e9s er\u0151sen v\u00edzhez k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151 specialist\u00e1kat egyar\u00e1nt tal\u00e1lunk. Sz\u00e1mos fajukat \u00e9l\u0151helyveszt\u00e9s, vad\u00e1szat \u00e9s kereskedelmi c\u00e9l\u00fa befog\u00e1s vesz\u00e9lyezteti, ez\u00e9rt term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delm\u00fck \u00e9s a terrarisztik\u00e1ban tartott \u00e1llatok igazolhat\u00f3, jogszer\u0171 eredete egyar\u00e1nt fontos.","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/category\/hullok\/gyikok\/varanuszok\/","name":"Var\u00e1nuszok","slug":"varanuszok","taxonomy":"category","parent":287,"meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Var\u00e1nuszok Arch\u00edvum &#8211; TerraPlaza magazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Var\u00e1nuszok: evol\u00faci\u00f3, fajismeret, viselked\u00e9s \u00e9s term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem. 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