{"id":3246,"count":1,"description":"<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Evol\u00faci\u00f3s m\u00falt:<\/strong> A kam\u00e9leonf\u00e9l\u00e9k (Chamaeleonidae) a pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges evol\u00faci\u00f3s \u00e1g\u00e1t k\u00e9pviselik, legk\u00f6zelebbi ma \u00e9l\u0151 rokonaik az ag\u00e1maf\u00e9l\u00e9k. T\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00fck a k\u00e9s\u0151 kr\u00e9ta id\u0151szakig, nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l 90 milli\u00f3 \u00e9vre vezethet\u0151 vissza. B\u00e1r Madagaszk\u00e1r ma a kam\u00e9leonok egyik legismertebb \u00e9s leggazdagabb \u00e9l\u0151helye, a filogenetikai kutat\u00e1sok <strong>afrikai eredet\u00fcket val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00edtik<\/strong>. A sziget rendk\u00edv\u00fcli kam\u00e9leonfaun\u00e1ja r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul nem egyetlen \u0151si betelep\u00fcl\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nye: t\u00f6bb evol\u00faci\u00f3s vonal egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl juthatott \u00e1t Afrik\u00e1b\u00f3l Madagaszk\u00e1rra az \u00f3ce\u00e1non kereszt\u00fcl.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Kin\u00e9zet \u00e9s \u00e9letm\u00f3d:<\/strong> A fog\u00f3szer\u0171, egym\u00e1ssal szembeford\u00edthat\u00f3 ujjcsoportok, sok fajn\u00e1l a kapaszkod\u00e1sra alkalmas farok, a toronyszer\u0171 szemek \u00e9s a kil\u0151het\u0151 nyelv a kam\u00e9leonokat a f\u00e1n \u00e9l\u0151 \u00e9letm\u00f3d egyik legk\u00fcl\u00f6nlegesebb h\u00fcll\u0151csoportj\u00e1v\u00e1 tett\u00e9k. Az a k\u00f6zkelet\u0171 \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s azonban, hogy k\u00e9t szem\u00fck teljesen egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl m\u0171k\u00f6dik, csak r\u00e9szben igaz: keres\u00e9s k\u00f6zben k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ir\u00e1nyokat p\u00e1szt\u00e1zhatnak, <strong>zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny k\u00f6vet\u00e9sekor viszont l\u00e1t\u00e1suk \u00f6sszehangol\u00f3dik<\/strong>. Nyelv\u00fck m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se sem egyszer\u0171 izommozg\u00e1s: rugalmas sz\u00f6vetekben t\u00e1rolt energi\u00e1t szabad\u00edtanak fel katapultszer\u0171en, \u00e9s egyes kisebb fajok a testhosszuk t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r\u00f6s\u00e9re k\u00e9pesek kil\u0151ni azt. Sz\u00ednv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1suk pedig nem puszt\u00e1n \u00e1lc\u00e1z\u00e1s. Kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3ban \u00e9s h\u0151szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sban is szerepet j\u00e1tszik, egyes fajokn\u00e1l pedig a b\u0151rben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, f\u00e9nyt visszaver\u0151 <strong>guaninkrist\u00e1lyok nanom\u00e9ret\u0171 elrendez\u00e9s\u00e9nek v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa<\/strong> hozza l\u00e9tre a l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyos sz\u00edneltol\u00f3d\u00e1sokat.<\/p>\r\n<strong>\u00d6kol\u00f3giai szerep:<\/strong> A kam\u00e9leonok t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge rovarokkal \u00e9s m\u00e1s gerinctelenekkel t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00f3 ragadoz\u00f3, \u00edgy egyszerre fogyaszt\u00f3i \u00e9s zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny\u00e1llatai sz\u00e1mos sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kh\u00e1l\u00f3zatnak. A csal\u00e1db\u00f3l ma m\u00e1r <strong>t\u00f6bb mint k\u00e9tsz\u00e1z fajt<\/strong>ismer\u00fcnk, amelyek jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sze Afrik\u00e1ban \u00e9s Madagaszk\u00e1ron \u00e9l; sz\u00e1mos faj rendk\u00edv\u00fcl kis ter\u00fclethez, egyetlen erd\u0151t\u00f6mbh\u00f6z vagy hegyvid\u00e9ki \u00e9l\u0151helyhez k\u00f6t\u0151dik. Ez az endemizmus evol\u00faci\u00f3s szempontb\u00f3l k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rt\u00e9kess\u00e9, egyben s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenny\u00e9 is teszi \u0151ket. Az \u00e9l\u0151helyek pusztul\u00e1sa \u00e9s feldarabol\u00f3d\u00e1sa, az \u00e9ghajlat v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa, valamint egyes fajokn\u00e1l a vadbefog\u00e1s komoly term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delmi kock\u00e1zatot jelenthet. A kam\u00e9leonok meg\u0151rz\u00e9se ez\u00e9rt term\u00e9szetes \u00e9l\u0151helyeik v\u00e9delm\u00e9t \u00e9s a terrarisztik\u00e1ban a jogszer\u0171, dokument\u00e1lt eredet\u0171 \u00e1llatok el\u0151nyben r\u00e9szes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t egyar\u00e1nt megk\u00f6veteli.","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/category\/hullok\/pikkelyes-hullok\/leguanalkatuak\/kameleonok\/","name":"Kam\u00e9leonok","slug":"kameleonok","taxonomy":"category","parent":3266,"meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kam\u00e9leonok &#8211; TerraPlaza magazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kam\u00e9leonok: fajismeret, evol\u00faci\u00f3, viselked\u00e9s \u00e9s term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem. 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