{"id":3264,"count":3,"description":"<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Evol\u00faci\u00f3s m\u00falt:<\/strong> A pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k (Squamata) a ma \u00e9l\u0151 h\u00fcll\u0151k messze legfajgazdagabb evol\u00faci\u00f3s csoportj\u00e1t alkotj\u00e1k. Ide tartoznak a hagyom\u00e1nyosan gy\u00edkoknak nevezett sz\u00e1mos evol\u00faci\u00f3s vonal, a k\u00edgy\u00f3k \u00e9s az \u00e1s\u00f3gy\u00edkok is. A k\u00f6zismert feloszt\u00e1s azonban egy fontos rendszertani csavart rejt: <strong>a k\u00edgy\u00f3k nem a gy\u00edkok mellett kialakult k\u00fcl\u00f6n evol\u00faci\u00f3s \u00e1gat k\u00e9pviselnek, hanem a gy\u00edkszer\u0171 pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k t\u00f6rzsf\u00e1j\u00e1n bel\u00fcl jelentek meg<\/strong>. Emiatt a \u201egy\u00edkok\u201d, ha a k\u00edgy\u00f3kat kiz\u00e1rjuk k\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck, nem alkotnak teljes term\u00e9szetes kl\u00e1dot. A pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k t\u00f6rzsvonala legal\u00e1bb a k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 tri\u00e1szig k\u00f6vethet\u0151 vissza: a mintegy 240 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ves <em>Megachirella wachtleri<\/em> m\u00e1r sz\u00e1mos jellegzetesen squamata b\u00e9lyeget hordozott, ami azt mutatja, hogy t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00fck j\u00f3val a dinoszauruszok uralm\u00e1nak kezdete el\u0151tt megindult.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Kin\u00e9zet \u00e9s \u00e9letm\u00f3d:<\/strong> A Squamata rendk\u00edv\u00fcli sikere r\u00e9szben testfel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek evol\u00faci\u00f3s alak\u00edthat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1ban rejlik. Keratintartalm\u00fa pikkelyes b\u0151r\u00fck rendszeresen meg\u00fajul, kopony\u00e1juk csontos kapcsolatainak m\u00f3dosul\u00e1sa pedig sok vonalon nagyfok\u00fa mozg\u00e9konys\u00e1got tett lehet\u0151v\u00e9 \u2013 ennek legsz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9gesebb p\u00e9ld\u00e1it a k\u00edgy\u00f3kn\u00e1l l\u00e1tjuk. A h\u00edm pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k jellegzetes p\u00e1ros p\u00e1rz\u00f3szerve a <strong>k\u00e9t hemip\u00e9nisz<\/strong>, amely a csoport fontos anat\u00f3miai saj\u00e1toss\u00e1ga. Testform\u00e1juk a robusztus n\u00e9gyl\u00e1b\u00fa var\u00e1nuszokt\u00f3l \u00e9s legu\u00e1nokt\u00f3l a karcs\u00fa gekk\u00f3kon \u00e1t a teljesen l\u00e1batlan alakokig terjed. A v\u00e9gtagok redukci\u00f3ja vagy elveszt\u00e9se <strong>egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl \u00fajra \u00e9s \u00fajra kialakult<\/strong> t\u00f6bb evol\u00faci\u00f3s vonalban. Szaporod\u00e1suk m\u00e9g enn\u00e9l is v\u00e1ltozatosabb: a toj\u00e1srak\u00e1s mellett az elevensz\u00fcl\u00e9s t\u00f6bb mint sz\u00e1z alkalommal fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt ki egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl, sz\u00e1mos csoportban pedig sz\u0171znemz\u00e9ssel szaporod\u00f3 vonalak is megjelentek.<\/p>\r\n<strong>\u00d6kol\u00f3giai szerep:<\/strong> A pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k az Antarktisz kiv\u00e9tel\u00e9vel minden kontinensen jelen vannak, \u00e9s a sivatagokt\u00f3l az es\u0151erd\u0151k\u00f6n, hegyvid\u00e9keken \u00e9s f\u00f6ld alatti \u00e9l\u0151helyeken \u00e1t eg\u00e9szen az \u00e9desvizekig \u00e9s az \u00f3ce\u00e1nokig rendk\u00edv\u00fcl sokf\u00e9le k\u00f6rnyezetet megh\u00f3d\u00edtottak. Vannak k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck apr\u00f3 \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00fa-vad\u00e1szok, n\u00f6v\u00e9nyev\u0151k, gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs- \u00e9s nekt\u00e1rfogyaszt\u00f3k, d\u00f6gev\u0151k, valamint nagytest\u0171 cs\u00facsragadoz\u00f3k is. Ragadoz\u00f3k\u00e9nt szab\u00e1lyozhatj\u00e1k zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny\u00e1llataik popul\u00e1ci\u00f3it, m\u00e1s fajok fontos zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny\u00e1llatok, egyes gy\u00edkok pedig beporz\u00f3k\u00e9nt \u00e9s magterjeszt\u0151k\u00e9nt is r\u00e9szt vesznek az \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9m\u00e1k m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9ben. A tudom\u00e1ny ma m\u00e1r <strong>t\u00f6bb mint tizenk\u00e9tezer \u00e9l\u0151 pikkelyesh\u00fcll\u0151-fajt<\/strong> ismer, \u00edgy a Squamata a gerincesek egyik legsikeresebb evol\u00faci\u00f3s \u00e1g\u00e1t k\u00e9pviseli. Sok fajukat ugyanakkor az \u00e9l\u0151helyek pusztul\u00e1sa, az inv\u00e1zi\u00f3s fajok, az \u00e9ghajlat v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa \u00e9s a fenntarthatatlan kereskedelem vesz\u00e9lyezteti.","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/category\/hullok\/pikkelyes-hullok\/","name":"Pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k","slug":"pikkelyes-hullok","taxonomy":"category","parent":38,"meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k &#8211; TerraPlaza magazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k: evol\u00faci\u00f3, fajismeret, viselked\u00e9s \u00e9s term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem. 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