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Evol\u00faci\u00f3s m\u00falt:<\/strong> A legu\u00e1nalkat\u00faak (Iguania) a pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k egyik \u0151si \u00e9s rendk\u00edv\u00fcl fajgazdag evol\u00faci\u00f3s \u00e1g\u00e1t alkotj\u00e1k. K\u00e9t nagy ma \u00e9l\u0151 vonaluk az Acrodonta<\/strong>, amelyhez az ag\u00e1maf\u00e9l\u00e9k \u00e9s a kam\u00e9leonf\u00e9l\u00e9k tartoznak, valamint a Pleurodonta<\/strong>, amely t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a legu\u00e1nokat, anoliszokat \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos amerikai gy\u00edkcsal\u00e1dot foglalja mag\u00e1ban. Nev\u00fck m\u00f6g\u00f6tt m\u00e9g a fogaik r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek m\u00f3dja is evol\u00faci\u00f3s t\u00f6rt\u00e9netet \u0151riz: az acrodont vonalon a fogak a csont fels\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9hez r\u00f6gz\u00fclnek \u00e9s fogv\u00e1lt\u00e1suk er\u0151sen korl\u00e1tozott, m\u00edg a pleurodont fajok fogai az \u00e1llkapocs bels\u0151 oldal\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dnak \u00e9s rendszerint folyamatosabban cser\u00e9l\u0151dhetnek. Sok\u00e1ig az Iguani\u00e1t a ma \u00e9l\u0151 pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k egyik legkor\u00e1bban lev\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e1g\u00e1nak tartott\u00e1k. A molekul\u00e1ris \u00e9s genomikai t\u00f6rzsf\u00e1k azonban alapjaiban v\u00e1ltoztatt\u00e1k meg ezt a k\u00e9pet: az Iguania ma a k\u00edgy\u00f3kkal \u00e9s az Anguimorpha gy\u00edkjaival egy\u00fctt a Toxicofera nagy evol\u00faci\u00f3s csoportj\u00e1ba ker\u00fcl<\/strong>, b\u00e1r e h\u00e1rom \u00e1g pontos egym\u00e1shoz viszony\u00edtott el\u00e1gaz\u00e1si sorrendje tov\u00e1bbra is kutat\u00e1s t\u00e1rgya. A k\u00e9t nagy iguania-vonal k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete legal\u00e1bb a kora kr\u00e9ta id\u0151szakig, t\u00f6bb mint sz\u00e1zmilli\u00f3 \u00e9vre vezethet\u0151 vissza.<\/p>\r\n

Kin\u00e9zet \u00e9s \u00e9letm\u00f3d:<\/strong> A legu\u00e1nalkat\u00faak testfel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se a n\u00e9h\u00e1ny centim\u00e9teres anoliszokt\u00f3l a robusztus legu\u00e1nokon \u00e9s t\u00fcsk\u00e9s ag\u00e1m\u00e1kon \u00e1t a k\u00fcl\u00f6nlegesen m\u00f3dosult kam\u00e9leonokig terjed. Sok faj \u00e9let\u00e9ben kiemelked\u0151 szerepet j\u00e1tszik a l\u00e1t\u00e1s \u00e9s a vizu\u00e1lis kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3<\/strong>: sz\u00ednes toroklebenyek, tarajok, szarvak, testtart\u00e1sok, fejmozdulatok \u00e9s gyors sz\u00ednv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok szolg\u00e1lhatj\u00e1k a ter\u00fcletv\u00e9delem, udvarl\u00e1s vagy riv\u00e1lisok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 c\u00e9ljait. T\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kszerz\u00e9s\u00fckben is meg\u0151riztek egy szokatlan saj\u00e1toss\u00e1got: sok legu\u00e1nalkat\u00fa a zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny megragad\u00e1s\u00e1ban akt\u00edvan haszn\u00e1lja a nyelv\u00e9t<\/strong>, m\u00edg sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151 els\u0151sorban az \u00e1llkapcs\u00e1val ragadja meg t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9k\u00e1t. A kam\u00e9leonok ballisztikusan kil\u0151het\u0151 nyelve ennek a rendszernek az egyik legsz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9gesebb evol\u00faci\u00f3s tov\u00e1bbfejleszt\u00e9se. Az Iguania evol\u00faci\u00f3s k\u00eds\u00e9rletez\u0151kedv\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen j\u00f3l mutatj\u00e1k a karibi anoliszok: k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 szigeteken egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl \u00fajra \u00e9s \u00fajra nagyon hasonl\u00f3 testalkat\u00fa \u00e9s \u00e9letm\u00f3d\u00fa \u201e\u00f6komorfok\u201d alakultak ki<\/strong>, att\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en, hogy p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul fat\u00f6rzs\u00f6n, v\u00e9kony \u00e1gakon vagy a lombkoron\u00e1ban \u00e9ltek.<\/p>\r\n

\u00d6kol\u00f3giai szerep:<\/strong> A legu\u00e1nalkat\u00faak f\u0151k\u00e9nt a vil\u00e1g tr\u00f3pusi, szubtr\u00f3pusi \u00e9s melegebb m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelt ter\u00fcleteit n\u00e9pes\u00edtik be. Az Acrodonta ma els\u0151sorban az \u00d3vil\u00e1gban \u2013 Afrik\u00e1ban, \u00c1zsi\u00e1ban \u00e9s Ausztr\u00e1li\u00e1ban \u2013 v\u00e1ltozatos, m\u00edg a Pleurodonta legnagyobb fajgazdags\u00e1ga Amerik\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, b\u00e1r p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Madagaszk\u00e1ron is \u00e9lnek \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 pleurodont vonalak. Sok faj lesb\u0151l vad\u00e1sz\u00f3 rovarev\u0151, de az Iguania t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9ben a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyev\u00e9s t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl is kialakult<\/strong>: a val\u00f3di legu\u00e1nok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt kifejezetten n\u00f6v\u00e9nyev\u0151 form\u00e1k tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, a d\u00e9l-amerikai Liolaemidae csal\u00e1dban pedig szint\u00e9n ism\u00e9telten megjelent a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9k nagyobb ar\u00e1ny\u00fa hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa. Ez \u00f6kol\u00f3giai szerep\u00fcket is kisz\u00e9les\u00edti: a gerinctelen-popul\u00e1ci\u00f3k szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sa mellett egyes fajok n\u00f6v\u00e9nyfogyaszt\u00f3k\u00e9nt, magterjeszt\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9s helyenk\u00e9nt beporz\u00f3k\u00e9nt is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak az \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9m\u00e1k m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9hez. A tudom\u00e1ny jelenleg t\u00f6bb mint 2100 \u00e9l\u0151 legu\u00e1nalkat\u00fa fajt<\/strong> tart sz\u00e1mon, \u00edgy az Iguania a pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k egyik legnagyobb \u00e9s \u00f6kol\u00f3giailag legsokoldal\u00fabb evol\u00faci\u00f3s sug\u00e1rz\u00e1sa.<\/p>","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/category\/hullok\/pikkelyes-hullok\/leguanalkatuak\/","name":"Legu\u00e1nalkat\u00faak","slug":"leguanalkatuak","taxonomy":"category","parent":3264,"meta":[],"yoast_head":"\nLegu\u00e1nalkat\u00faak – TerraPlaza magazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Legu\u00e1nalkat\u00faak: evol\u00faci\u00f3, fajismeret, viselked\u00e9s \u00e9s term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem. 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