{"id":262,"date":"2021-01-12T17:30:58","date_gmt":"2021-01-12T16:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smartmag.theme-sphere.com\/good-news\/post-format-gallery\/"},"modified":"2024-01-29T14:20:32","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T13:20:32","slug":"ugrovillasok-terrariumban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/izeltlabuak-hu\/ugrovillasok-hu\/ugrovillasok-terrariumban\/262\/","title":{"rendered":"Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok a leggyakoribb terr\u00e1riumi \u00e1llatok?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok (Collembola), a makr\u00f3vil\u00e1g csod\u00e1latos kis l\u00e9nyei, p\u00e1lyafut\u00e1suk \u00e1t\u00edveli a f\u00f6ldi \u00e9let eddigi teljes sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi szakasz\u00e1t. Az \u0151si ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok ugyanis az els\u0151 sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoztak. Siker\u00fck az\u00f3ta is t\u00f6retlen, hiszen a bolyg\u00f3 legk\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9l\u00e9bb \u00e9l\u0151helyeihez alkalmazkodtak, \u00edgy szinte mindenhol megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, ahol lebontani val\u00f3 szerves anyag is el\u0151fordul. Emiatt kev\u00e9s olyan terr\u00e1rium l\u00e9tezik, ahol nem \u00e9l ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1s, s\u0151t, \u00e9letm\u00f3djuk ide\u00e1lis \u00e9s hasznos lak\u00f3kk\u00e1 teszi \u0151ket.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Dicyrtomina
Dicyrtomina ornata
– Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
V\u00edzi ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok (Podura aquatica) \u00e9s tal\u00e1n egy elpusztult \u00e1rvasz\u00fanyog – Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Fot\u00f3:
Lepidocyrtus sp. & Penthaleus sp. -Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Fot\u00f3:
G\u00f6mb\u00f6cugr\u00f3ka Dicyrtomina violacea – Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e9gel\u00e1thatatlan t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00fck \u00e9s rejtett \u00e9letm\u00f3djuk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aki nyitott szemmel j\u00e1r, biztosan tal\u00e1lkozott m\u00e1r ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sokkal, hiszen mindenhol ott vannak. Vir\u00e1glocsol\u00e1s k\u00f6zben ugr\u00e1ndoznak a v\u00edzcseppek el\u0151l, ott rejt\u0151znek az extr\u00e9m sz\u00e1raz, r\u00e9ges-r\u00e9g ki nem nyitott k\u00f6nyveink lapjain, vagy \u00e9pp megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k az ember \u00e1ltal \u00e9rintetlen gleccserek hav\u00e1n, vir\u00e1gpor ut\u00e1n kutatva. Term\u00e9szetesen k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 fajokr\u00f3l besz\u00e9l\u00fcnk, amelyek ezekhez az olykor sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyekhez alkalmazkodtak. V\u00e1ltozatoss\u00e1guk \u00e9s nagyfok\u00fa elterjed\u00e9s\u00fck egyik oka az id\u0151ben keresend\u0151, hiszen t\u00f6bb mint 400 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ve \u0151seik m\u00e1r felbukkantak a devon id\u0151szakban, F\u00f6ld\u00fcnk els\u0151 f\u00e1s sz\u00e1r\u00fa n\u00f6v\u00e9nyeinek korhad\u00e9k\u00e1n. Joggal mondhatjuk ki, hogy a leg\u0151sibb lebont\u00f3 szervezetek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoztak, \u00edgy kezdetekt\u0151l fontos r\u00e9sz\u00fck volt a talajfejl\u0151d\u00e9sben \u00e9s a szerves vegy\u00fcletek k\u00f6rforg\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Fot\u00f3:
Tomoceridae sp. & Oribatida sp.<\/em> – Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok a terr\u00e1riumokban<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok rendk\u00edv\u00fcl hasznos szerepet j\u00e1tszanak, f\u0151leg a bioakt\u00edv terr\u00e1riumok \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1ban. \u00c9letm\u00f3djuk \u00e9s t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00e1si szok\u00e1saik r\u00e9v\u00e9n az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok r\u00e9szt vesznek az elhalt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi \u00e9s \u00e1llati anyagok lebont\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s a szerves anyagok \u00fajrahasznos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban is. Ez seg\u00edt fenntartani a talaj term\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s a t\u00e1panyagok optim\u00e1lis szintj\u00e9t a terr\u00e1riumban \u00e9l\u0151 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek \u00e9s \u00e1llatok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Mindemellett megg\u00e1tolj\u00e1k a gombafonalak \u00e9s pen\u00e9szgomb\u00e1k t\u00falzott felszaporod\u00e1s\u00e1t, ami nem csak a terr\u00e1riumban nem eszt\u00e9tikus, de sz\u00e1mos terr\u00e1riumlak\u00f3 megbeteged\u00e9s\u00e9t is okozhatja. Lebont\u00f3 szerep\u00fckben nem csak a gomb\u00e1k konkurense, hanem sz\u00e1mos fajuk fogyasztja is a gombafonalakat. T\u00f6bb besz\u00e1mol\u00f3 \u00e9s saj\u00e1t tapasztalatom is meger\u0151s\u00edti, hogy miut\u00e1n a terr\u00e1riumban pen\u00e9szed\u00e9snek indult a fa dekor\u00e1ci\u00f3, az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok tudatos betelep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t k\u00f6vet\u0151en p\u00e1r napon bel\u00fcl megtisztult a gomb\u00e1kt\u00f3l az adott terept\u00e1rgy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok – mint lebont\u00f3 szervezetek egyens\u00falyt teremtenek, ez\u00e1ltal a terr\u00e1rium m\u00e1s lak\u00f3ira n\u00e9zve, nemhogy nem \u00e1rtalmasak, de tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00fck m\u00e9g kedvez\u0151en is hat. Legyen sz\u00f3 \u00e1szkar\u00e1kr\u00f3l, mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kr\u00f3l, k\u00e9t\u00e9lt\u0171ekr\u0151l vagy ak\u00e1r h\u00fcll\u0151kr\u0151l.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"Fot\u00f3:
Dicyrtoma fusca var. rufescens – Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9letm\u00f3djuk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok a legfontosabb lebont\u00f3 szervezetek egyikei. K\u00fcl\u00f6nleges tulajdons\u00e1guk, hogy az ivar\u00e9retts\u00e9g el\u00e9r\u00e9se ut\u00e1n is vedlenek. Fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00fck kifejl\u00e9s: epimorf\u00f3zis, monometab\u00f3lia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Fot\u00f3:
V\u00edzi ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok (Podura aquatica) egy p\u00f3rul j\u00e1rt \u00e1rvasz\u00fanyog teteme mellett – Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ki? Kinek a rokona?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok a leg\u0151sibb sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak. Eddig k\u00f6zel 9000 fajukat \u00edrt\u00e1k le. Legkor\u00e1bbi, 400 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ves fossz\u00edli\u00e1ikat a devon kori v\u00f6r\u00f6s homokk\u0151b\u0151l t\u00e1rt\u00e1k fel. Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok \u0151si \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00faak (Arthropoda<\/em>), nem rovarok, pedig els\u0151 r\u00e1n\u00e9z\u00e9sre sokan annak gondoln\u00e1k. A hatl\u00e1b\u00faak (Hexapoda) alt\u00f6rzs\u00e9n bel\u00fcl a rovarok mellett a bels\u0151 sz\u00e1jszerv\u0171ek (Entognatha) oszt\u00e1lya helyezkedik el, amely a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 aloszt\u00e1lyokat foglalja mag\u00e1ba: el\u0151rovarok (Protura<\/em>), l\u00e1baspotroh\u00faak (Diplura<\/em>) \u00e9s ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok (Collembola<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kor\u00e1bban az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sokat a rovarok k\u00f6z\u00e9 sorolt\u00e1k, de az \u00fajabb filogenetikus vizsg\u00e1latok igazolt\u00e1k, hogy val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a bels\u0151 sz\u00e1jszerv\u0171ek oszt\u00e1ly\u00e1ba tartoznak.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"Fot\u00f3:
Sminthurinus aureus \u00e9s Lepidocyrtus sp. – Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Az ugr\u00f3villa, a 400 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ves tal\u00e1lm\u00e1ny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nem eml\u00edtett\u00fck a fontos n\u00e9vad\u00f3 tulajdons\u00e1gukat. P\u00e1r csoportjukat kiv\u00e9ve k\u00e9pesek egy speci\u00e1lis szerv, az ugr\u00f3villa (furca) seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel ugrani. Ez a potroh 4. szelv\u00e9ny\u00e9n ered, \u00e9s nyugalmi helyzetben el\u0151refel\u00e9, a test als\u00f3 oldal\u00e1hoz simul, \u00e9s a potroh harmadik szelv\u00e9ny\u00e9n egy \u00fan. akaszt\u00f3ba (reticulum) illeszkedik. Amikor a negyedik szelv\u00e9ny er\u0151s izomzata \u00f6sszeh\u00faz\u00f3dik, a villa lefel\u00e9 kiv\u00e1g\u00f3dik, ennek hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra a test felpattan. Ezt a mechanizmust legink\u00e1bb v\u00e9dekez\u00e9sk\u00e9pp, menek\u00fcl\u00e9sre haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha megvizsg\u00e1ln\u00e1nk, hogy melyik a leggyakrabban tartott terr\u00e1riumi \u00e1llat, els\u0151 helyen nagy val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok v\u00e9gezn\u00e9nek, ugyanis \u00e9letm\u00f3djukb\u00f3l ad\u00f3d\u00f3an szinte minden terr\u00e1riumban ott vannak.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1rsz\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ha legk\u00f6zelebb a szemed el\u00e9 ker\u00fclnek, jusson eszedbe, hogy ott voltak az els\u0151 sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9t k\u00f6vet\u0151en, t\u00fal\u00e9lt\u00e9k a legnagyobb kihal\u00e1si hull\u00e1mokat \u00e9s eddigi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00fck derek\u00e1n jelentek meg az els\u0151 dinoszaurusz fajok. Evol\u00faci\u00f3s \u00fatjuk szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l az emberi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem csak egy pillant\u00e1s, \u00e9s nagy val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel sz\u00e1mos fajuk akkor is jelen lesz bolyg\u00f3nkon, amikor az ember m\u00e1r nem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok (Collembola) rendszertani besorol\u00e1sa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Orsz\u00e1g:<\/strong> \u00c1llatok (Animalia<\/em>)
T\u00f6rzs: <\/strong>\u00cdzeltl\u00e1b\u00faak (Arthropoda<\/em>)
Alt\u00f6rzs: <\/strong>Hatl\u00e1b\u00faak (Hexapoda<\/em>)
Oszt\u00e1ly: <\/strong>Bels\u0151 sz\u00e1jszerv\u0171ek (Entognatha<\/em>)
Aloszt\u00e1ly: <\/strong>Ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok (Collembola<\/em> Lubbock, 1870)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Entomobrya sp. – Fot\u00f3: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fot\u00f3k: Ujv\u00e1ri Zsolt<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Forr\u00e1sok:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Checklist of the Collembola<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok (Collembola), a makr\u00f3vil\u00e1g csod\u00e1latos kis l\u00e9nyei, p\u00e1lyafut\u00e1suk \u00e1t\u00edveli a f\u00f6ldi \u00e9let eddigi teljes sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi szakasz\u00e1t. Az \u0151si ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok ugyanis az els\u0151 sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoztak. Siker\u00fck az\u00f3ta is t\u00f6retlen, hiszen a bolyg\u00f3 legk\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9l\u00e9bb \u00e9l\u0151helyeihez alkalmazkodtak, \u00edgy szinte mindenhol megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, ahol lebontani val\u00f3 szerves anyag is el\u0151fordul. Emiatt kev\u00e9s olyan terr\u00e1rium l\u00e9tezik, ahol nem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3529,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,144,521,46],"tags":[32,75,862,153,533,76],"class_list":{"0":"post-262","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-izeltlabuak-hu","8":"category-melyviz-hu","9":"category-terrarium-hu","10":"category-ugrovillasok-hu","11":"tag-bioaktiv-terrarium-hu","12":"tag-collembola-hu","13":"tag-izeltlabuak","14":"tag-melyviz-hu","15":"tag-spotlight-hu","16":"tag-ugrovillas-hu"},"yoast_head":"\nAz ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok a leggyakoribb terr\u00e1riumi \u00e1llatok? – TerraPlaza magazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok (Collembola), a mark\u00f3vil\u00e1g csod\u00e1latos kis l\u00e9nyei, p\u00e1lyafut\u00e1suk \u00e1t\u00edveli a f\u00f6ldi \u00e9let eddigi teljes sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi szakasz\u00e1t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/izeltlabuak-hu\/ugrovillasok-hu\/ugrovillasok-terrariumban\/262\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Az ugr\u00f3vill\u00e1sok a leggyakoribb terr\u00e1riumi \u00e1llatok? 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