{"id":4064,"date":"2023-08-18T21:43:36","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T19:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/?p=4064"},"modified":"2023-11-30T12:35:18","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T11:35:18","slug":"skorpiok-uv-fenyben","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/izeltlabuak-hu\/pokszabasuak-hu\/skorpiok\/skorpiok-uv-fenyben\/4064\/","title":{"rendered":"A S\u00f6t\u00e9tben rejlik a titok: hogyan \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt vil\u00e1g\u00edtanak a skorpi\u00f3k UV-f\u00e9nyben?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A skorpi\u00f3k azon k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak, amelyek k\u00e9pesek fluoreszk\u00e1lni UV-f\u00e9ny hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ennek oka az, hogy az \u00e1llatok kitinj\u00e9ben olyan fluoreszcens anyagok vannak, melyek reakci\u00f3ba l\u00e9pnek az ultraibolya f\u00e9nnyel. A biofluoreszcens \u00e1llatok k\u00fcltakar\u00f3ja k\u00e9pes elnyelni a r\u00f6vid hull\u00e1mhossz\u00fas\u00e1g\u00fa (ultraibolya) f\u00e9nyt, amit nagyobb hull\u00e1mhossz\u00fa f\u00e9nyk\u00e9nt bocs\u00e1tanak ki, ez\u00e1ltal az m\u00e1r az emberi szem sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra l\u00e1that\u00f3 tartom\u00e1nyba ker\u00fcl. A biofluoreszcencia gyakori a gerinctelen \u00e1llatokn\u00e1l, de el\u0151fordul a gerincesekn\u00e9l, a h\u00fcll\u0151kn\u00e9l, a k\u00e9t\u00e9lt\u0171ekn\u00e9l, a halakn\u00e1l \u00e9s m\u00e9g a madarakn\u00e1l is. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a lunda mad\u00e1r cs\u0151re UV-f\u00e9nyben r\u00f3zsasz\u00edn \u00e9s feh\u00e9r sz\u00ednekben j\u00e1tszik, de m\u00e9g a kacsacs\u0151r\u0171 eml\u0151s is k\u00e9pes \u201evil\u00e1g\u00edtani\u201d [1].<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Platypus specimens under UV light. \u00a9 J. Martin, Northland College; from Anich et al. 2020, Mammalia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Azonban azt a mai napig rejt\u00e9ly \u00f6vezi, hogy ez a tulajdons\u00e1g milyen evol\u00faci\u00f3s el\u0151ny\u00f6kkel j\u00e1r a skorpi\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, mind\u00f6ssze hipot\u00e9zisek vannak. Viszont l\u00e9tezik egy olyan kis csoportjuk is, amely s\u00f6t\u00e9t barlangok m\u00e9ly\u00e9ben \u00e9l, \u00e9s nem k\u00e9pes a fluoreszk\u00e1l\u00e1sra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hogyan k\u00e9pesek erre?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A skorpi\u00f3k kutikul\u00e1j\u00e1nak van egy v\u00e9kony r\u00e9sze, amelyet „hialinr\u00e9tegnek” neveznek. Ez az, ami reag\u00e1l az ultraibolya f\u00e9nnyel. A r\u00e9teg b\u00e9ta-karbolint \u00e9s a 4-metil-7-hidroxikumarint tartalmaz, ezek a vegy\u00fcletek ruh\u00e1zz\u00e1k fel az \u00e1llatot ezzel a k\u00e9pess\u00e9ggel [2].
A hialinr\u00e9teg igaz\u00e1n id\u0151t\u00e1ll\u00f3, m\u00e9g a megk\u00f6vesedett skorpi\u00f3fossz\u00edli\u00e1k is vil\u00e1g\u00edtanak UV-f\u00e9ny hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ezen fel\u00fcl, ha folyad\u00e9kkal teli \u00fcvegekben konzerv\u00e1ljuk a skorpi\u00f3 prepar\u00e1tumokat, akkor a kiold\u00f3d\u00f3 anyagok k\u00e9pesek m\u00e9g a folyad\u00e9kot is \u201eragyog\u00f3v\u00e1\u201d var\u00e1zsolni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mi\u00e9rt vil\u00e1g\u00edtanak?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Egyes elm\u00e9letek szerint a skorpi\u00f3k az\u00e9rt vil\u00e1g\u00edtanak, hogy magukra h\u00edvj\u00e1k a pr\u00e9da\u00e1llatok figyelm\u00e9t, azonban ez az elm\u00e9let m\u00e1r megd\u0151lt. Ezt a felvet\u00e9st m\u00e1r pr\u00f3b\u00e1lt\u00e1k tesztelni, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Carl T. Klook, a California State University professzora nyilatkozott a t\u00e9m\u00e1ban. A k\u00eds\u00e9rlet sor\u00e1n k\u00e9t skorpi\u00f3csapatot hoztak l\u00e9tre. Az egyik csapatnak bevont\u00e1k k\u00fcls\u0151 kitines p\u00e1nc\u00e9lj\u00e1t olyan anyaggal, ami blokkolja az UV-f\u00e9nnyel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 reakci\u00f3t, azonban a m\u00e1sik csapathoz nem ny\u00faltak hozz\u00e1, \u0151k nem lettek bevonva semmilyen anyaggal, tov\u00e1bbra is k\u00e9pesek voltak fluoreszk\u00e1lni. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a csapatokat l\u00e9gypap\u00edrra helyezt\u00e9k. Az eredm\u00e9nyb\u0151l kider\u00fclt, hogy a blokkolt csapat pap\u00edrj\u00e1ba j\u00f3val t\u00f6bb rep\u00fcl\u0151 rovar ragadt, mint a vil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00f3 csapat\u00e9ba, azonban, ha a fluoreszk\u00e1l\u00f3 csapatot nem \u00e9rte UV-f\u00e9ny, \u00e9s nem vil\u00e1g\u00edtottak, akkor nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l hasonl\u00f3 tendenci\u00e1t mutatott a l\u00e9gypap\u00edrba ragadt egyedek sz\u00e1ma. Teh\u00e1t ez a tulajdons\u00e1g nem vonzza, sokkal ink\u00e1bb tasz\u00edt\u00f3 hat\u00e1ssal van a t\u00f6bbi \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00fara [3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fot\u00f3: Hegyi Fl\u00f3ra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1s \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00faakhoz hasonl\u00f3an a skorpi\u00f3k eset\u00e9ben is jelent\u0151s h\u00e1tt\u00e9rtev\u00e9kenys\u00e9get figyelhet\u00fcnk meg a ventr\u00e1lis<\/a> idegsz\u00e1lakban, m\u00e1s sz\u00f3val az idegi aktivit\u00e1s \u00e9rz\u00e9kelhet\u0151 b\u00e1rmilyen specifikus \u00e9rz\u00e9kszervi ingerl\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. Kor\u00e1bbi vizsg\u00e1latok azt is kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy a skorpi\u00f3k oldals\u00f3 \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 szemei kifejezetten \u00e9rz\u00e9kenyek a z\u00f6ld f\u00e9nyre (500 nm k\u00f6r\u00fcl) \u00e9s az UV-f\u00e9nyre is (350-400 nm) [4].
K\u00e9t k\u00f6z\u00e9pen elhelyezked\u0151 \u201emedi\u00e1n\u201d szem\u00fck korl\u00e1tozottan k\u00e9pes a k\u00e9palkot\u00e1sra, ezzel szemben oldals\u00f3 szemeiket a f\u00e9nyer\u0151ss\u00e9g finom v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sainak \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. A szemek egy\u00fctt nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 f\u00e9ny\u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9get mutatnak, \u00e9s feltehet\u0151en m\u00e9g a csillagok f\u00e9ny\u00e9t is k\u00e9pesek \u00e9rz\u00e9kelni a s\u00f6t\u00e9t \u00e9jszak\u00e1k folyam\u00e1n [5].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A skorpi\u00f3k medi\u00e1n szemei – Fot\u00f3: Hegyi Fl\u00f3ra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Egy 1968-as k\u00eds\u00e9rletben a kutat\u00f3k arra voltak k\u00edv\u00e1ncsiak, hogy az \u00e1llatok hogyan reag\u00e1lnak a k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl \u0151ket \u00e9r\u0151 f\u00e9nyre. Ehhez a p\u00e9ld\u00e1nyokat olyan Petri-cs\u00e9sz\u00e9kbe helyezt\u00e9k, amelyeknek fele le volt fedve oly m\u00f3don, hogy megfelel\u0151 \u00e1rny\u00e9kot tudjanak biztos\u00edtani az \u00e1llatok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy ha mened\u00e9ket keresn\u00e9nek. A f\u00e9nyek felkapcsol\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a skorpi\u00f3k azonnal a fedett r\u00e9sz biztons\u00e1g\u00e1ba menek\u00fcltek. A tesztet \u00fagy is megism\u00e9telt\u00e9k, hogy az \u00e1llatok szemeit teljesen lefedt\u00e9k, ez\u00e1ltal azok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel nem voltak k\u00e9pesek \u00e9rz\u00e9kelni semmilyen \u0151ket \u00e9r\u0151 f\u00e9nyt.\u2028Meglepet\u00e9s\u00fckre a l\u00e1mp\u00e1k felkapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151en az \u00e1llatok 93%-os ar\u00e1nyban ugyan olyan m\u00f3don menek\u00fcltek az \u00e1rny\u00e9kba, mint miel\u0151tt letakart\u00e1k volna a szemeiket. Teh\u00e1t a skorpi\u00f3k k\u00e9pesek detekt\u00e1lni a f\u00e9nyt szemeik n\u00e9lk\u00fcl is [6].\u2028Egy 2011-es kutat\u00e1sban m\u00e1r UV-specifikusan k\u00eds\u00e9rleteztek a kutat\u00f3k. Az eredm\u00e9ny azt mutatta, hogy a skorpi\u00f3k ritk\u00e1bban mozogtak a ciano-z\u00f6ld \u00e9s UV-hull\u00e1mhossz\u00fa f\u00e9nyben, mint s\u00e1rga f\u00e9nyben vagy f\u00e9ny n\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u00e1llapotban. Ezen fel\u00fcl az UV-re adott v\u00e1laszreakci\u00f3juk intenz\u00edvebb volt, mint ami a kor\u00e1bban publik\u00e1lt fiziol\u00f3giai vizsg\u00e1latok alapj\u00e1n v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 volt, az eddig ismert retina\u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9g f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fot\u00f3: Hegyi Fl\u00f3ra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Teh\u00e1t val\u00f3j\u00e1ban mi\u00e9rt fluoreszk\u00e1lnak?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tov\u00e1bbra sem jutott konszenzusra a tudom\u00e1nyos k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g ezzel a t\u00e9m\u00e1val kapcsolatban, \u00e9s m\u00e9g rengeteg elm\u00e9let l\u00e9tezik, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, hogy egym\u00e1s megtal\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Szerintem az a legval\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171bb, hogy test\u00fck eg\u00e9sz fel\u00fclet\u00e9t felhaszn\u00e1lva jutnak plusz inform\u00e1ci\u00f3khoz az \u0151ket k\u00f6r\u00fclvev\u0151 vil\u00e1gb\u00f3l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irodalomjegyz\u00e9k:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/strong> Justine E. Hausheer, \u201eWhen mammals glow in the dark\u201d, [Online]. El\u00e9rhet\u0151: https:\/\/blog.nature.org\/2021\/04\/05\/when-mammals-glow-in-the-dark\/?src=s_fbo.ch_ca.x.x.&sf141769700=1
[2]<\/strong> Leslie M. Frost, David R. Butler, Brian O\u2019Dell, Victor Fet, \u201eA coumarin as a fluorescent compound in scorpion cuticule\u201d.
[3]<\/strong> Veritasium, \u201eWhy Scorpions Glow in the Dark\u201d. [Online]. El\u00e9rhet\u0151: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=f-Nr2z5X7Rs&t=122s&ab_channel=Veritasium
[4]<\/strong> D. D. Gaffin, L. A. Bumm, M. S. Taylor, N. V. Popokina, \u00e9s S. Mann, \u201eScorpion fluorescence and reaction to light\u201d, Animal Behaviour<\/em>, k\u00f6t. 83, sz. 2, o. 429\u2013436, febr. 2012, doi: 10.1016\/j.anbehav.2011.11.014.
[5]<\/strong> M. Schliwa \u00e9s G. Fleissner, \u201eThe lateral eyes of the scorpion, Androctonus australis\u201d, Cell Tissue Res.<\/em>, k\u00f6t. 206, sz. 1, febr. 1980, doi: 10.1007\/BF00233611.
[6]<\/strong> K. T. Zwicky, \u201eA LIGHT RESPONSE IN THI: TAIL OF U1tODACUS, A SCORPION\u201d, Vol .<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A skorpi\u00f3k azon k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak, amelyek k\u00e9pesek fluoreszk\u00e1lni UV-f\u00e9ny hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ennek oka, hogy a skorpi\u00f3k kitinje olyan fluoreszcens tulajdons\u00e1gokkal van felruh\u00e1zva, hogy az reakci\u00f3ba l\u00e9p az UV f\u00e9nnyel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,144,657,659],"tags":[862,153,661,663,665],"class_list":{"0":"post-4064","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-izeltlabuak-hu","8":"category-melyviz-hu","9":"category-pokszabasuak-hu","10":"category-skorpiok","11":"tag-izeltlabuak","12":"tag-melyviz-hu","13":"tag-pokszabasuak","14":"tag-skorpiok","15":"tag-uv"},"yoast_head":"\nA S\u00f6t\u00e9tben rejlik a titok: hogyan \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt vil\u00e1g\u00edtanak a skorpi\u00f3k UV-f\u00e9nyben? – TerraPlaza magazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A skorpi\u00f3k azon k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak, amelyek k\u00e9pesek fluoreszk\u00e1lni UV-f\u00e9ny hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ennek oka, hogy a skorpi\u00f3k kitinje olyan fluoreszcens tulajdons\u00e1gokkal van felruh\u00e1zva, hogy az reakci\u00f3ba l\u00e9p az UV f\u00e9nnyel.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/izeltlabuak-hu\/pokszabasuak-hu\/skorpiok\/skorpiok-uv-fenyben\/4064\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A S\u00f6t\u00e9tben rejlik a titok: hogyan \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt vil\u00e1g\u00edtanak a skorpi\u00f3k UV-f\u00e9nyben? – TerraPlaza magazin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A skorpi\u00f3k azon k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e1llatok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak, amelyek k\u00e9pesek fluoreszk\u00e1lni UV-f\u00e9ny hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra. 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