{"id":5028,"date":"2023-12-03T00:23:31","date_gmt":"2023-12-02T23:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/?p=5028"},"modified":"2024-07-25T13:49:53","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T11:49:53","slug":"a-szepseges-szornyeteg-avagy-a-gila-monster-heloderma-suspectum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/hullok-hu\/gyikok-hu\/a-szepseges-szornyeteg-avagy-a-gila-monster-heloderma-suspectum\/5028\/","title":{"rendered":"A sz\u00e9ps\u00e9ges sz\u00f6rnyeteg, avagy a Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A gila viperagy\u00edk (Heloderma suspectum<\/em>), angol nev\u00e9n Gila monster, a var\u00e1nuszalak\u00faak (Varanoidae) alrend\u00e1g\u00e1ba tartozik, nev\u00e9t a Gila-foly\u00f3r\u00f3l kapta. A viperagy\u00edkf\u00e9l\u00e9knek (Helodermatidae) t\u00f6bb ma is \u00e9l\u0151 k\u00e9pvisel\u0151je l\u00e9tezik, mely er\u0151s m\u00e9reggel rendelkezik. A Heloderma suspectum<\/em> fajnak k\u00e9t ismert alfaja l\u00e9tezik, a H. s. suspectum<\/em>, amelynek sz\u00ednezete fekete alapon, nagyobb fel\u00fcleten r\u00f3zsasz\u00ednes, \u00e9s a H. s. cinctum<\/em>, amely s\u00e1rg\u00e1s foltokkal tark\u00edtott. A Heloderma t\u00f6bbi faja sz\u00edne teljesen fekete, vagy fekete alapon, kisebb foltokban s\u00f6t\u00e9tbarn\u00e1s, s\u00e1rg\u00e1s foltokkal tark\u00edtott. K\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck a H. h. horridum<\/em>, azaz a mexik\u00f3i viperagy\u00edk n\u0151 a legnagyobbra. A t\u00e9vhitek ellen\u00e9re m\u00e9rge nem hal\u00e1los az emberre n\u00e9zve, megfelel\u0151 orvosi ell\u00e1t\u00e1s eset\u00e9n. Egyedsz\u00e1muk cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9hez hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul term\u00e9szetes \u00e9l\u0151hely\u00fck pusztul\u00e1sa \u00e9s illeg\u00e1lis begy\u0171jt\u00e9s\u00fck. A feketepiacon \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edtik \u0151ket illeg\u00e1lis \u00e1llatkereskedelemben vagy hasznos\u00edtj\u00e1k valamely form\u00e1ban, ilyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a h\u00edmek nemi szerve, amit afrodizi\u00e1kumk\u00e9nt alkalmaznak. CITES II. f\u00fcggel\u00e9k\u00e9be tartoz\u00f3, vesz\u00e9lyeztetett faj. Tart\u00e1sa haz\u00e1nkban csak vesz\u00e9lyes \u00e1llattart\u00e1si enged\u00e9llyel, ehhez tartoz\u00f3 felt\u00e9telekkel \u00e9s sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1st igazol\u00f3 pap\u00edrral lehets\u00e9ges. Jelen cikk a Heloderma suspectum<\/em> fajt fogja t\u00e1rgyalni.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9l\u0151helye, f\u00f6ldrajzi elterjed\u00e9se:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9szak-Amerika d\u00e9lnyugati \u00e9s Mexik\u00f3 \u00e9szaknyugati r\u00e9szein elterjedt faj. Sz\u00e1razabb, sivatagos k\u00f6rnyezetben fordul el\u0151, ahol \u00e9lete nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t rejt\u0151zk\u00f6dve a f\u00f6ld alatt t\u00f6lti \u00fcregekben, sziklahasad\u00e9kokban vagy barlangokban. Gyakran visszat\u00e9r megszokott hely\u00e9re, amelyet a p\u00e1rz\u00e1si id\u0151szakban megoszt t\u00e1rsaival. \u00c9jjeli \u00e1llat, de nagy ritk\u00e1n nappal is l\u00e1that\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fot\u00f3: Asz\u00f3di Alexandra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Megjelen\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nagy \u00e9s testes gy\u00edk, hossza el\u00e9rheti ak\u00e1r a 60 cm-t. Sz\u00e9les fejjel \u00e9s r\u00f6vid l\u00e1bakkal rendelkezik. M\u00e9regmirigye az als\u00f3 \u00e1llkapocsban helyezkedik el. Ujjai v\u00e9ge er\u0151s, \u00e9les karmokban v\u00e9gz\u0151dik, farka test\u00e9hez k\u00e9pest r\u00f6vid \u00e9s vastag, amely zs\u00edrrakt\u00e1rk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l. Teste eg\u00e9sz\u00e9t kavicsszer\u0171en kidomborod\u00f3 pikkelyek bor\u00edtj\u00e1k. A b\u0151r\u00e9be \u00e1gyaz\u00f3dott osteoderma, vagyis csontosod\u00e1sok j\u00f3 v\u00e9delmet biztos\u00edt sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A k\u00edgy\u00f3khoz hasonl\u00f3an a Jacobson-f\u00e9le k\u00e9miai \u00e9rz\u00e9kszerve seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel t\u00e9rk\u00e9pezi fel k\u00f6rnyezet\u00e9t, amely hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul a t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kszerz\u00e9s\u00e9hez is. Fogs\u00e1gban 20-30 \u00e9vig is \u00e9lhet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fot\u00f3: Asz\u00f3di Alexandra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Takarm\u00e1nya<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ragadoz\u00f3 \u00e9letm\u00f3dot folytat, \u00e9trendj\u00e9t kisebb eml\u0151s\u00f6k, madarak, h\u00fcll\u0151k, k\u00e9t\u00e9lt\u0171ek \u00e9s toj\u00e1sok k\u00e9pzik. A feln\u0151tt egyed k\u00e9pes teste m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek egyharmad\u00e1val megegyez\u0151 mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kot is egyszerre elfogyasztani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9vente csup\u00e1n 4-6 alkalommal t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkozik a term\u00e9szetben, amely elegend\u0151 t\u00e1panyagot biztos\u00edt sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fogs\u00e1gban havonta is etethet\u0151 kevesebb mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 takarm\u00e1nnyal. Tartal\u00e9k t\u00e1panyagokat rakt\u00e1roz a fark\u00e1ban l\u00e9v\u0151 zs\u00edrsz\u00f6vetben, a t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9khi\u00e1nyos id\u0151szakok \u00e1thidal\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ilyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a hibern\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151szak \u00e1tv\u00e9szel\u00e9se, a h\u00edm sperm\u00e1j\u00e1nak min\u0151s\u00e9gjav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a n\u0151st\u00e9nyek toj\u00e1srak\u00e1s\u00e1hoz val\u00f3 felk\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9s. Ennek id\u0151szaka novembert\u0151l febru\u00e1rig tart. M\u00e9rg\u00e9t f\u0151k\u00e9nt v\u00e9dekez\u00e9sre alkalmazza, amelyet vad\u00e1szat k\u00f6zben nem minden esetben haszn\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egy f\u00e9szek kifoszt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz k\u00e9pes ak\u00e1r egy kaktusz tetej\u00e9re is felm\u00e1szni<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mi a m\u00e9reg jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9rge enyh\u00e9n hemotoxikus \u00e9s neurotoxikus, amely el\u00e9g er\u0151s ahhoz, hogy \u00e1ldozat\u00e1t legy\u0171rje, ellenben egy eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges feln\u0151tt emberre megfelel\u0151 orvosi ell\u00e1t\u00e1s mellett nincs v\u00e9gzetes hat\u00e1ssal. A m\u00e9reg bejut\u00e1sa a szervezetbe t\u00f6bb t\u00fcnetet is okozhat, ilyenek p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a gyenges\u00e9g, duzzanat, sz\u00e9d\u00fcl\u00e9s, alacsony v\u00e9rnyom\u00e1s, gyors sz\u00edvver\u00e9s vagy \u00e9g\u0151 f\u00e1jdalom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A p\u00f3kokkal \u00e9s m\u00e9rgesk\u00edgy\u00f3kkal ellent\u00e9tben m\u00e9rg\u00e9t m\u00e1sk\u00e9pp juttatja zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny\u00e1ba. \u00c1ldozata megharap\u00e1s\u00e1val keletkezett s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sbe juttatja be a m\u00e9reganyag\u00e1t r\u00e1g\u00e1sa seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Az \u00e1llkapcsa k\u00e9t oldal\u00e1n k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 3-4 p\u00e1r m\u00e9regmirigy helyezkedik el, amib\u0151l egy csatorn\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl a toxin a bar\u00e1zd\u00e1kon \u00e1t a speci\u00e1lisan kialakult fogak seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel jut az \u00e1ldozat\u00e1ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9rg\u00e9t alkalmazz\u00e1k a gy\u00f3gyszerkutat\u00e1sokban, ahol k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 betegs\u00e9gek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re fejlesztettek ki hat\u00f3anyagokat bel\u0151le. A legsikeresebbek a cukorbetegs\u00e9g kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re alkalmazhat\u00f3 gy\u00f3gyhat\u00e1s\u00fa k\u00e9sz\u00edtm\u00e9nyek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Heloderma suspectum suspectum – Foto: bennytrapp – stock.adobe.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Milyen term\u00e9szettel rendelkeznek?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rejt\u0151zk\u00f6d\u0151 \u00e9letm\u00f3dj\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en ritk\u00e1n tal\u00e1lkozhatunk vele a term\u00e9szetben. Szeret \u00e9vszakt\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en olyan helyeken tart\u00f3zkodni, ahol megfelel\u0151 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a k\u00f6rnyezet, h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet, p\u00e1ratartalom \u00e9s s\u0171r\u0171bb mened\u00e9k \u00e1ll rendelkez\u00e9sre, ahol ak\u00e1r t\u00f6bben is tart\u00f3zkodnak. Lass\u00fa mozg\u00e1s\u00fa, ar\u00e1nylag nyugodt \u00e1llat, de \u00e9lelemszerz\u00e9s vagy p\u00e1rz\u00e1s c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l k\u00e9pes ak\u00e1r m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldeket is megtenni. F\u0151 strat\u00e9gi\u00e1ja t\u00e1mad\u00f3j\u00e1val szemben a v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s, \u00e9s nem a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s. Ezt egy jellegzetes \u201dpuffog\u00f3\u201d hanggal, nyitott sz\u00e1jjal \u00e9ri, el mik\u00f6zben megr\u00e1ndul. T\u00f6bbnyire mag\u00e1nyos \u00e1llatok, kiv\u00e9tel ezal\u00f3l a p\u00e1rz\u00e1si id\u0151szak.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Szaporod\u00e1suk<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ivar\u00e9retts\u00e9g\u00fcket 4-5 \u00e9vesen \u00e9ri el. P\u00e1rz\u00e1si id\u0151szakban a n\u0151st\u00e9ny klo\u00e1k\u00e1j\u00e1t a f\u00f6ldh\u00f6z d\u00f6rg\u00f6li. A h\u00edm az ebb\u0151l \u00e1rad\u00f3 feromonok kiszagol\u00e1s\u00e1val keresi meg a n\u0151st\u00e9nyt. A riv\u00e1lis h\u00edmek \u00f3r\u00e1kon \u00e1t k\u00e9pesek egym\u00e1ssal k\u00fczdeni a n\u0151st\u00e9nnyel val\u00f3 p\u00e1rz\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. A p\u00e1rz\u00e1si szezon \u00e1prilist\u00f3l j\u00faniusig tart. A h\u00edm a n\u0151st\u00e9ny mell\u00e9 fekszik. A h\u00edm ekkor a n\u0151st\u00e9ny nyak\u00e1t finom harapd\u00e1l\u00e1s mellett kapar\u00e1ssza, majd test\u00e9t hozz\u00e1 d\u00f6rg\u00f6li, mik\u00f6zben h\u00e1ts\u00f3 l\u00e1ba seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel megragadja \u0151t, \u00e9s farkukat a n\u0151st\u00e9ny farka al\u00e1 helyezi. Ezut\u00e1n k\u00f6vetkezik a p\u00e1rz\u00e1s, amely ak\u00e1r egy \u00f3r\u00e1n \u00e1t is tarthat. A sikeres aktust k\u00f6vet\u0151en a n\u0151st\u00e9ny k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 2 h\u00f3nap ut\u00e1n lerakja 4-10 db toj\u00e1sukat, amelyeket f\u00f6ldalatti \u00fcregbe helyez el. A toj\u00e1sok kel\u00e9si ideje a term\u00e9szetben 10-12 h\u00f3napig is eltarthat, viszont folyamatos h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet mellett f\u00e9l \u00e9v alatt is kikelhetnek. A sz\u00fcletend\u0151 kicsik k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 12-15 cm nagys\u00e1g\u00faak, nagyon hasonl\u00edtanak sz\u00fcleikre, \u00e9s m\u00e1r az els\u0151 pillanatt\u00f3l kezdve rendelkeznek m\u00e9reggel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fot\u00f3: Asz\u00f3di Alexandra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9rgez\u0151 vagy m\u00e9rges?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1ltal\u00e1noss\u00e1gban elmondhat\u00f3, hogy a m\u00e9rges \u00e1llatok nagyobb mennyis\u00e9gben juttatj\u00e1k toxinjaikat \u00e1ldozatukba fogaik vagy t\u00fcsk\u00e9ik seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Ezzel szemben a m\u00e9rgez\u0151 \u00e1llatok v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l alkalmazz\u00e1k m\u00e9rg\u00fcket. T\u00f6bb m\u00e9rgez\u0151 \u00e1llat a k\u00f6rnyezetb\u0151l nyeri toxinjait, ak\u00e1r m\u00e9rgez\u0151 t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kuk elfogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1val. Az \u00e1llatvil\u00e1gra \u00e1ltal\u00e1noss\u00e1gban elmondhat\u00f3, hogy a s\u00e1rga-fekete, vagy a jelen cikk f\u0151szerepl\u0151j\u00e9re jellemz\u0151 r\u00f3zsasz\u00edn\/s\u00e1rga-fekete sz\u00ednkombin\u00e1ci\u00f3 a \u201cm\u00e9rgez\u0151 vagyok\u201d figyelemfelkelt\u0151 jelz\u00e9sre utal, de term\u00e9szetesen ezal\u00f3l vannak kiv\u00e9telek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: janstria – stock.adobe.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Forr\u00e1sok:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/reptile-database.reptarium.cz\/species?genus=Heloderma&species=suspectum
https:\/\/animaldiversity.org\/accounts\/Heloderma_suspectum\/
https:\/\/www.desertmuseum.org\/books\/nhsd_gila.php<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Heloderma suspectum<\/em><\/strong><\/em> Cope, 1869<\/strong> rendszertani besorol\u00e1sa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Orsz\u00e1g:<\/strong> \u00c1llatok (Animalia<\/em>)
T\u00f6rzs:<\/strong> Gerinch\u00farosok (Chordata<\/em>)
Alt\u00f6rzs:<\/strong> Gerincesek (Vertebrata<\/em>)
Oszt\u00e1ly:<\/strong> H\u00fcll\u0151k (Reptilia<\/em>)
Rend:<\/strong> Pikkelyes h\u00fcll\u0151k (Squamata)
Alrend:<\/strong> Gy\u00edkok (Sauria)
Alrend\u00e1g:<\/strong> Var\u00e1nuszalak\u00faak (Varanoidea)
Csal\u00e1d:<\/strong> M\u00e9rgesgy\u00edkf\u00e9l\u00e9k (Helodermatidae)
Nem:<\/strong> Heloderma<\/em> Wiegmann, 1829<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A gila viperagy\u00edk (Heloderma suspectum), angol nev\u00e9n Gila monster, a var\u00e1nuszalak\u00faak (Varanoidae) alrend\u00e1g\u00e1ba tartozik, nev\u00e9t a Gila-foly\u00f3r\u00f3l kapta. A viperagy\u00edkf\u00e9l\u00e9knek (Helodermatidae) t\u00f6bb ma is \u00e9l\u0151 k\u00e9pvisel\u0151je l\u00e9tezik, mely er\u0151s m\u00e9reggel rendelkezik. A Heloderma suspectum fajnak k\u00e9t ismert alfaja l\u00e9tezik, a H. s. suspectum, amelynek sz\u00ednezete fekete alapon, nagyobb fel\u00fcleten r\u00f3zsasz\u00ednes, \u00e9s a H. s. cinctum,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5031,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[287,38],"tags":[122,948,82,85,946],"class_list":{"0":"post-5028","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-gyikok-hu","8":"category-hullok-hu","9":"tag-fajleiras-hu","10":"tag-gila","11":"tag-hullok-hu","12":"tag-kigyok-hu","13":"tag-varanuszalakuak"},"yoast_head":"\nA sz\u00e9ps\u00e9ges sz\u00f6rnyeteg, avagy a Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) – TerraPlaza magazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gila monster, m\u00e1sn\u00e9ven a viperagy\u00edk, a var\u00e1nuszalak\u00faakalrend\u00e1g\u00e1ba tartozik. Elnevez\u00e9s\u00e9t a Gila-foly\u00f3r\u00f3l kapta. Egyike azon ismert k\u00e9t gila fajnak, mely rendelkezik er\u0151s m\u00e9reggel.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/hullok-hu\/gyikok-hu\/a-szepseges-szornyeteg-avagy-a-gila-monster-heloderma-suspectum\/5028\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A sz\u00e9ps\u00e9ges sz\u00f6rnyeteg, avagy a Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) – TerraPlaza magazin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gila monster, m\u00e1sn\u00e9ven a viperagy\u00edk, a var\u00e1nuszalak\u00faakalrend\u00e1g\u00e1ba tartozik. Elnevez\u00e9s\u00e9t a Gila-foly\u00f3r\u00f3l kapta. 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