{"id":6418,"date":"2025-05-23T09:17:45","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T07:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/?p=6418"},"modified":"2025-05-23T16:56:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-23T14:56:38","slug":"egy-terrariumi-slager-ostortenete-fosszilis-madarpokok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/izeltlabuak-hu\/madarpokok-hu-hu\/egy-terrariumi-slager-ostortenete-fosszilis-madarpokok\/6418\/","title":{"rendered":"Egy terr\u00e1riumi sl\u00e1ger \u0151st\u00f6rt\u00e9nete: Fosszilis mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A p\u00f3kok (Araneae rend) egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en a legmegoszt\u00f3bb \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00faak egyikei, sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben forr\u00e1sai mind rajong\u00e1snak, mind pedig f\u00f3bi\u00e1knak. A World Spider Catalogue<\/a> online adatb\u00e1zisa jelenleg t\u00f6bb mint 52 000 p\u00f3kfajt tart sz\u00e1mon [1], mely sz\u00e1m \u2013 h\u00e1la a vil\u00e1gszerte akt\u00edvan munk\u00e1lkod\u00f3 arachnol\u00f3gusoknak \u2013 folyamatosan n\u00f6vekszik. Eme n\u00e9pes nyolcl\u00e1b\u00fa t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gban egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en a mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok (Theraphosidae csal\u00e1d) a legismertebbek, m\u00e1r ami az egzotikus \u00e1llatokat kedvel\u0151k k\u00f6reit illeti \u2013 j\u00f3 es\u00e9llyel a TerraPlaza Magazin b\u00e1rmely olvas\u00f3ja tal\u00e1lkozott m\u00e1r valamilyen mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kfajjal.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ezek a gyakran nagytest\u0171, a n\u00e9gyt\u00fcd\u0151s p\u00f3kok alrendj\u00e9be (Mygalomorphae) soroland\u00f3 p\u00f3kok \u00c9szak\u00ad-, K\u00f6z\u00e9p\u00ad- \u00e9s D\u00e9l-\u00adAmerik\u00e1ban, Afrik\u00e1ban, \u00c1zsi\u00e1ban \u00e9s Auszt\u00adr\u00e1li\u00e1ban \u0151shonosak. A jelenleg \u00e9rv\u00e9nyesk\u00e9nt sz\u00e1mon tartott mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kfajok sz\u00e1ma megha\u00adladja az 1100-\u00adat [1], a csal\u00e1d reprezent\u00e1lts\u00e1ga az egzotikus kis\u00e1llatkereskedelemben minden m\u00e1s \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00fa\u00e9t fel\u00fclm\u00falja. H\u00edrnev\u00fck \u00e9s kereskedelmi n\u00e9pszer\u0171s\u00e9g\u00fck egyr\u00e9szt sz\u00ednpomp\u00e1s sokf\u00e9les\u00e9\u00adg\u00fckb\u0151l, m\u00e1sr\u00e9szt sokszor tekint\u00e9lyes m\u00e9ret\u00fckb\u0151l fakad (a kifejlett egyedek testhossza fajt\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151\u00ad en 1.2\u20139 cm, a legnagyobb fajok l\u00e1bfeszt\u00e1vols\u00e1ga pedig meghaladhatja a 25 cm\u00ad-t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abba kevesen gondolnak bele, hogy minden faj, amit egy egzotikus \u00e1llatb\u00f6rz\u00e9n lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00fcnk van megv\u00e1s\u00e1rolni, t\u00f6bb milli\u00f3 \u00e9vnyi szelekci\u00f3, \u00e9s egy minden k\u00e9pzeletet fel\u00fclm\u00fal\u00f3 evol\u00faci\u00f3s verseng\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nye. <\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Egyik faj sem egyik pilla\u00adnatr\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikra, mondhatni a semmib\u0151l ker\u00fclt oda a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3k asztal\u00e1ra, vagy a kis\u00e1llatkereske\u00add\u00e9sek k\u00edn\u00e1lat\u00e1ba: korokon \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151 t\u00f6rzsfejl\u0151d\u00e9\u00ads\u00fck bizony\u00edt\u00e9kai, az \u0151smaradv\u00e1nyok vil\u00e1gszerte ker\u00fclnek el\u0151 minden egyes nap. Noha a n\u00e9gy\u00adt\u00fcd\u0151s p\u00f3kok rendje m\u00e1r legal\u00e1bb 240 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ve (vagyis a f\u00f6ldt\u00f6rt\u00e9net tri\u00e1sznak nevezett id\u0151\u00adszaka \u00f3ta) jelen van a f\u00f6ldi \u00e9l\u0151vil\u00e1gban, az ezen bel\u00fcl a mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kokhoz tartoz\u00f3 \u0151smaradv\u00e1nyok list\u00e1ja m\u00e9gis meglehet\u0151sen kurta. Jelen \u00edr\u00e1s err\u0151l a kev\u00e9ske, valamilyen form\u00e1ban fossziliz\u00e1l\u00f3dott mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kr\u00f3l igyekszik egy kicsit r\u00e9szletesebb k\u00e9pet adni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A Protertheraphosa spinipes z\u00e1rv\u00e1nya (balra) \u00e9s az \u00e1llat rekonstrukci\u00f3ja (jobbra) (Wunderlich & M\u00fcller, 2020 ut\u00e1n m\u00f3dos\u00edtva)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mivel a mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok<\/a> nem rendelkeznek sem komoly bels\u0151, sem pedig k\u00fcls\u0151 szil\u00e1rd\u00edt\u00f3 v\u00e1z\u00adzal, ez\u00e9rt test\u00fck meg\u0151rz\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9re csak a \u201eleggyeng\u00e9debb\u201d fossziliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s utak v\u00e9g\u00e1llom\u00e1sain sz\u00e1m\u00edthatunk. A sz\u00f3ban forg\u00f3 \u0151smaradv\u00e1nyok egy r\u00e9sze finomszemcs\u00e9s \u00fcled\u00e9kben keletke\u00adzett, \u00fagynevezett lenyomat\u00adfossz\u00edlia, \u00e1m akad\u00adnak itt borosty\u00e1nz\u00e1rv\u00e1nyok, vagyis egykor \u00e9lt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek megk\u00f6vesedett gyant\u00e1j\u00e1ban meg\u0151rz\u0151d\u00f6tt \u201eid\u0151utaz\u00f3k\u201d is, amelyek elk\u00e9peszt\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00adletgazdags\u00e1ggal mutatj\u00e1k be az \u00e9vmilli\u00f3kkal ezel\u0151tti \u00e9l\u0151vil\u00e1got. \u00c9rdemes megjegyezni, hogy sz\u00e1mos \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00fa\u00adcsoport (pl. a p\u00f3kok) fosszi\u00adlis leletanyag\u00e1nak d\u00f6nt\u0151 t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 borosty\u00e1nk\u0151\u00adt\u00edpusokb\u00f3l, \u00fagynevezett z\u00e1rv\u00e1\u00adnyok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban ker\u00fcl el\u0151, ez\u00e9rt a borosty\u00e1nk\u0151 egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en az ilyesfajta \u0151s\u00e1llattani inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 egyik els\u0151dleges forr\u00e1sa vil\u00e1gszerte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ezen a ponton megeml\u00edt\u00e9sre \u00e9rdemes, hogy borosty\u00e1nz\u00e1rv\u00e1nyk\u00e9nt a kifejlett, vagyis rend\u00adszertanilag jobb es\u00e9lyekkel hat\u00e1rozhat\u00f3 mad\u00e1r\u00adp\u00f3kok rendk\u00edv\u00fcl ritk\u00e1k, aminek h\u00e1rom oka van. Egyr\u00e9szt ezek a p\u00f3kok m\u00e1r ar\u00e1nylag fiatalon is meglehet\u0151sen nagyok, vagyis kell\u0151 fizikai er\u0151vel b\u00edrnak, hogy kiszabad\u00edts\u00e1k magukat a m\u00e9g friss, ragacsos fagyanta fogs\u00e1g\u00e1b\u00f3l. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 a h\u00edmek ar\u00e1nylag r\u00f6vid \u00e9lettartam\u00faak, valamint a n\u0151s\u00adt\u00e9nyek t\u00f6bbnyire helyt\u00fcl\u0151ek, vagyis nem j\u00e1rnak be nagyobb utakat, amelyek sor\u00e1n egy ragad\u00f3s gyantafoly\u00e1s fogs\u00e1g\u00e1ba eshetn\u00e9nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok eddig ismert fosszilis m\u00faltj\u00e1nak felgy\u00f6ngy\u00f6l\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez a sort a f\u00f6ldt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti k\u00f6z\u00e9pid\u0151ben kezdj\u00fck, a k\u00e9s\u0151 kr\u00e9takor elej\u00e9n, nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l 99 milli\u00f3 \u00e9vvel ezel\u0151tt. A mai Mianmar ter\u00fclet\u00e9n el\u0151ker\u00fcl\u0151, az orsz\u00e1g egykori neve nyom\u00e1n burmitnak neve\u00adzett borosty\u00e1n vil\u00e1gszerte h\u00edres elk\u00e9peszt\u0151 z\u00e1r\u00adv\u00e1nyair\u00f3l, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt m\u00e9g dinoszauruszok maradv\u00e1nyai is el\u0151fordulnak. Ebb\u0151l a borosty\u00e1n\u00adkincsb\u0151l \u00edrta le Joerg Wunderlich \u00e9s Patrick M\u00fcl\u00ad ler a Protertheraphosa spinipes<\/em> fajt, amelyet \u0151k a mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok csal\u00e1dj\u00e1ba soroltak [2]. A kis h\u00edm p\u00f3kocska testhossza 18 mm, a z\u00e1rv\u00e1ny \u00e1llapota sajnos ar\u00e1nylag rossz. Min\u0151s\u00e9ge dac\u00e1ra jelen tu\u00add\u00e1sunk szerint ez a legid\u0151sebb ismert mad\u00e1rp\u00f3k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


A k\u00e9s\u0151 kr\u00e9ta ut\u00e1n egy hatalmas, nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l 77 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ves \u0171r t\u00e1tong a mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok \u0151sl\u00e9nytani kincsest\u00e1r\u00e1ban, ugyanis az egyre fiatalod\u00f3 list\u00e1n ezut\u00e1n k\u00f6vetkez\u0151, \u0151si mad\u00e1rp\u00f3k m\u00e1r az oligo\u00adc\u00e9n id\u0151szak legv\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazik. A Franciaor\u00adsz\u00e1g ter\u00fclet\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 Aix\u00aden\u00adProvence mellett el\u0151ker\u00fclt Mygale ambigua<\/em> nem borosty\u00e1nz\u00e1r\u00adv\u00e1nyk\u00e9nt, hanem lenyomatk\u00e9nt \u0151rz\u0151d\u00f6tt meg [3]. Noha a fajt le\u00edr\u00f3ja 1887\u00ad-ben a mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok\u00adkal rokon\u00edtotta, ez a meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1s egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en \u00fajravizsg\u00e1latra szorul, hiszen a maradv\u00e1nyon olyan, a mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kokra egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem jellemz\u0151 anat\u00f3miai jegyek figyelhet\u0151ek meg, mint ami\u00adlyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a szelv\u00e9nyezett ut\u00f3test.<\/p>\n\n\n

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A Mygale ambigua \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sa (Gourret, 1887 ut\u00e1n m\u00f3dos\u00edtva)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A lista egy m\u00e1sik, ugyancsak lenyomat-\u00adfossz\u00edliak\u00e9nt r\u00e1nk maradt tagja az 1922\u00ad-ben le\u00edrt Eodiplurina cockerelli<\/em>, amely a coloradoi Florissant ugyancsak oligoc\u00e9n kor\u00fa k\u0151zetr\u00e9tegeib\u0151l ker\u00fclt el\u0151 [4]. Ezen p\u00f3kocska meglehet\u0151sen j\u00f3 \u00e1llapotnak \u00f6rvend, el\u0151\u00ad \u00e9s ut\u00f3test\u00e9nek egy\u00fcttes hossz\u00fas\u00e1ga mind\u00f6sszesen 15 mm. A fajt le\u00edr\u00e1sakor Alexander Ivanovitch Pet\u00ad runkevitch m\u00e9g mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kk\u00e9nt, az akkor form\u00e1li\u00adsan m\u00e9g \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes \u2019Aviculariidae\u2019 csal\u00e1dba sorolta be, \u00e1m 1990\u00ad-ben a kis p\u00f3k az akn\u00e1szp\u00f3kok (Neme\u00adsiidae csal\u00e1d) k\u00f6z\u00e9 sorolva lelt \u00faj rokons\u00e1gra [5].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A Eodiplurina cockerelli \u00e1br\u00e1ja Petrunkevitch (1922) munk\u00e1j\u00e1ban<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Az id\u0151sk\u00e1l\u00e1n m\u00e9g tov\u00e1bb k\u00f6zeledve napjaink fel\u00e9 el\u00e9rkez\u00fcnk a f\u00f6ldt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti mioc\u00e9n id\u0151szakba, az \u0151si mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok tekintet\u00e9ben pedig visszakanyaro\u00addunk a borosty\u00e1nokhoz. A kor\u00e1bban m\u00e1r eml\u00edtett Joerg Wunderlich 1988\u00adban le\u00edrta az Ischnocolinopsis acutus <\/em>n\u00e9vre keresztelt mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kz\u00e1rv\u00e1nyt, amelyet dominikai borosty\u00e1nban fedezett fel [6]. A kis h\u00edm p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny test\u00e9nek hossza (a cs\u00e1pr\u00e1g\u00f3k n\u00e9l\u00adk\u00fcl) 7.5 mm. A faj sajnos fot\u00f3 n\u00e9lk\u00fcl \u201edeb\u00fct\u00e1lt\u201d, az \u0151t publik\u00e1l\u00f3 szerz\u0151 csak egy rajzot k\u00f6z\u00f6lt a kis bo\u00adrosty\u00e1nz\u00e1rv\u00e1nyr\u00f3l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Az Ischnocolinopsis acutus rajz\u00e1nak r\u00e9szletei (Wunderlich, 1988 ut\u00e1n m\u00f3dos\u00edtva)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A f\u00f6ldt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti mioc\u00e9nben maradva, ha tov\u00e1bb k\u00f6vetj\u00fck a fosszilis mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok nyomait, eljutunk egy mexik\u00f3i, chiapasnak nevezett borosty\u00e1nk\u0151\u00adt\u00ed\u00adpushoz. Ez a z\u00e1rv\u00e1nyokban m\u00f3dfelett gazdag \u0151si gyantakincs 2008\u00adban \u00f6rvendeztette meg a tudo\u00adm\u00e1nyt egy olyan \u0151sgyanta\u00addarabk\u00e1val, amelyben h\u00e1rom fiatal Hemirrhagus <\/em>mad\u00e1rp\u00f3k z\u00e1rv\u00e1nya \u00fclt [7]. Ez a rendk\u00edv\u00fcl szemreval\u00f3 z\u00e1rv\u00e1nyegy\u00fcttes egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en a jelen felsorol\u00e1s egyik \u00e9kk\u00f6ve. \u00c9r\u00addekess\u00e9g, hogy t\u00f6bb mint 22 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ves koruk el\u00adlen\u00e9re a kis p\u00f3kokon m\u00e9g az ut\u00f3test mint\u00e1zata is megfigyelhet\u0151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fiatal Hemirrhagus sp. z\u00e1rv\u00e1nya chiapas boros\u00adty\u00e1nban (Garc\u00eda\u00ad-Villafuerte, 2008 ut\u00e1n m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00adva)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok \u0151st\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek felsorol\u00e1s\u00e1t egy \u201ekakukktoj\u00e1s\u201d z\u00e1rja. 2008-\u00adban mutatt\u00e1k be a vi\u00adl\u00e1gnak azt a szint\u00e9n chiapas borosty\u00e1nban fellelt p\u00f3kvedl\u00e9st, amelyet egy k\u00f6zelebbr\u0151l meg nem ha\u00ad t\u00e1rozott mad\u00e1rp\u00f3k exuviumak\u00e9nt azonos\u00edtottak [8]. A borosty\u00e1nk\u0151ben meg\u0151rz\u0151d\u00f6tt, \u00e9s egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt kiss\u00e9 komplik\u00e1ltan \u00e9rtelmezhet\u0151 porci\u00f3k legna\u00adgyobb hossz\u00fas\u00e1ga (a l\u00e1bakat is belesz\u00e1molva) 23 mm, amib\u0151l a kutat\u00f3k arra k\u00f6vetkeztettek, hogy az egykor \u00e9lt p\u00f3k l\u00e1bfeszt\u00e1vols\u00e1ga minimum 5 cm le\u00ad hetett, ezzel ezt a borosty\u00e1nz\u00e1rv\u00e1nyt a valaha doku\u00adment\u00e1lt legnagyobb p\u00f3kz\u00e1rv\u00e1nyk\u00e9nt k\u00f6z\u00f6lt\u00e9k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mad\u00e1rp\u00f3k levedlett b\u0151r\u00e9nek z\u00e1rv\u00e1nya chiapas borosty\u00e1nban (Dunlop \u00e9s mtsai, 2008 ut\u00e1n m\u00f3dos\u00edtva)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ezzel el is jutunk a teljess\u00e9g\u00e9ben is r\u00f6vidke felsorol\u00e1s v\u00e9g\u00e9re. Mivel a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e9l\u0151helyeket egykor ben\u00e9pes\u00edt\u0151 \u00e1llat-\u00ad \u00e9s n\u00f6v\u00e9nyfajoknak csup\u00e1n egy r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l van val\u00f3di es\u00e9ly\u00fcnk b\u00e1rmif\u00e9\u00adle inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t gy\u0171jteni, ez\u00e9rt biztosra ve\u00adhet\u0151, hogy a kr\u00e9ta id\u0151szak \u00f3ta a ma ismert mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kfajok sokszorosa t\u0171nt fel, majd t\u0171nt el az \u00e9let csatater\u00e9n.<\/strong> Az is biztos, hogy sz\u00e1mos faj v\u00e1r m\u00e9g felfedez\u00e9sre a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u0151sl\u00e9nytani gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyekben, ahol borosty\u00e1n-\u00ad vagy k\u0151b\u00f6rt\u00f6n\u00fckbe z\u00e1r\u00adva v\u00e1rj\u00e1k, hogy valaki felfigyeljen r\u00e1juk, \u00e9s beemelje \u0151ket az \u0151si mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok eg\u00adzotikus, dics\u0151 k\u00f6r\u00e9be. Addig is itt vannak nek\u00fcnk a ma \u00e9l\u0151 mad\u00e1rp\u00f3kok, amelyek ir\u00e1nti rajong\u00e1sunk \u00e9vtizedek \u00f3ta t\u00f6retlen, \u00e9s m\u00e9g j\u00f3 darabig bizonyosan az is marad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irodalomjegyz\u00e9k:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

[1] World Spider Catalog (2025): World Spider Catalog. Version 25.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http:\/\/wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 2025 jan. doi: 10.24436\/2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] Wunderlich J. & M\u00fcller P. (2020). New and already described fossil spiders (Araneae) of 20 families in Mid Cretaceous Burmese amber with notes on spider phylogeny, evolution and classification. In: Five papers on Fossil and Extant Spiders. Beitr\u00e4ge zur Araneologie, 13, p. 22\u2013164.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] Gourret P. (1887). Recherches sur les Arachnides tertiaires d\u2019Aix en Provence. Recueil Zoologique Suisse, 4, 431\u2013496.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] Petrunkevitch A. I. (1922). Tertiary spiders and opilionids of North America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Artsand Sciences, 25, 211\u2013279.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] Eskov K. & Zonshtein S. (1990). First Mesozoic mygalomorph spiders from the Lower Cretaceous of Siberia and Mongolia, withnotes on the system and evolution of the infraorder Mygalomorphae (Chelicerata: Araneae). Neues Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Geologie undPal\u00e4ontologie, 178, 325\u2013368.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] Wunderlich J. (1988). Die fossilen Spinnen im Dominikanischen Bernstein. Beitr\u00e4ge zur Araneologie, 2, 1\u2013378.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] Garc\u00eda-Villafuerte M. \u00c1. (2008). Primer registro f\u00f3sil del g\u00e9nero Hemirrhagus (Araneae, Theraphosidae) en \u00e1mbar del Terciario,Chiapas, M\u00e9xico. Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Aracnolog\u00eda, 16, 43\u201347.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] Dunlop J. A., Harms D., Penney D. (2008). A fossil tarantula (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico.Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Aracnolog\u00eda, 15, 9\u201317.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A p\u00f3kok (Araneae rend) egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en a legmegoszt\u00f3bb \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00faak egyikei, sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben forr\u00e1sai mind rajong\u00e1snak, mind pedig f\u00f3bi\u00e1knak. A World Spider Catalogue online adatb\u00e1zisa jelenleg t\u00f6bb mint 52 000 p\u00f3kfajt tart sz\u00e1mon [1], mely sz\u00e1m \u2013 h\u00e1la a vil\u00e1gszerte akt\u00edvan munk\u00e1lkod\u00f3 arachnol\u00f3gusoknak \u2013 folyamatosan n\u00f6vekszik. 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