{"id":7562,"date":"2026-10-10T15:32:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T13:32:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/?p=7562"},"modified":"2026-10-10T15:32:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T13:32:05","slug":"ejszakai-allatok-kulonleges-erzekek-alkalmazkodasok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/terraplaza.com\/magazin\/hu\/hullok\/ejszakai-allatok-kulonleges-erzekek-alkalmazkodasok\/7562\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9jszakai \u00e9letre tervezve: amikor s\u00f6t\u00e9ted\u00e9s ut\u00e1n kezd\u0151dik az \u00e9let"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Amikor lemegy a nap, sok \u00e1llat sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra \u00e9ppen akkor kezd\u0151dik az akt\u00edv id\u0151szak. Az \u00e9jszakai \u00e9let sz\u00e1mos el\u0151nnyel j\u00e1rhat: elker\u00fclhetik a nappali h\u0151s\u00e9get, cs\u00f6kkenthetik a ragadoz\u00f3kkal vagy versenyt\u00e1rsakkal val\u00f3 tal\u00e1lkoz\u00e1s es\u00e9ly\u00e9t, \u00e9s olyan t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kforr\u00e1sokat haszn\u00e1lhatnak ki, amelyek s\u00f6t\u00e9ted\u00e9s ut\u00e1n v\u00e1lnak el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A s\u00f6t\u00e9t azonban eg\u00e9szen m\u00e1s kih\u00edv\u00e1sokat is jelent. Az \u00e9jszaka akt\u00edv \u00e1llatokn\u00e1l ez\u00e9rt k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges alkalmazkod\u00e1sok alakultak ki: rendk\u00edv\u00fcl f\u00e9ny\u00e9rz\u00e9keny szemek, fejlett szagl\u00e1s \u00e9s hall\u00e1s, h\u0151\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s vagy \u00e9ppen kifinomult tapint\u00e1s<\/strong> seg\u00edtheti \u0151ket a t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3d\u00e1sban \u00e9s a zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny megtal\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cikk\u00fcnkben annak j\u00e1runk ut\u00e1na, hogyan boldogulnak a s\u00f6t\u00e9tben a herpetokult\u00far\u00e1b\u00f3l is j\u00f3l ismert \u00e1llatok, \u00e9s milyen k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e9rz\u00e9kszervekkel, testfel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9ssel \u00e9s viselked\u00e9ssel alkalmazkodtak az \u00e9jszakai \u00e9lethez.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e1tni ott is, ahol alig van f\u00e9ny<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9jszakai l\u00e1t\u00e1s egyik kulcsa, hogy a szem nagyon kev\u00e9s f\u00e9nyt is hat\u00e9konyan tudjon hasznos\u00edtani.<\/strong> Ebben fontos szerepe van a nagyra t\u00e1gul\u00f3 pupill\u00e1nak: min\u00e9l nagyobb ny\u00edl\u00e1son jut be a f\u00e9ny a szembe, ann\u00e1l t\u00f6bb \u00e9ri el a retin\u00e1t, ami gyenge megvil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00e1sban jav\u00edtja a l\u00e1t\u00e1st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A vitorl\u00e1s gekk\u00f3 (Correlophus ciliatus<\/em>)<\/strong> f\u0151k\u00e9nt alkonyatkor \u00e9s \u00e9jszaka akt\u00edv. Nagy szeme \u00e9s s\u00f6t\u00e9tben er\u0151sen kit\u00e1gul\u00f3 pupill\u00e1ja<\/strong> seg\u00edti abban, hogy gyenge f\u00e9nyviszonyok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt is t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3djon \u00e9s t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kot keressen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vitorl\u00e1s gekk\u00f3 nagy szemekkel. Fot\u00f3: S\u00fct\u0151-Nagy Borb\u00e1la<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Szagok nyom\u00e1ban<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6t\u00e9tben a l\u00e1t\u00e1s mellett a k\u00e9miai \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s is k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen fontos lehet. A k\u00edgy\u00f3k vill\u00e1s nyelv\u00fckkel apr\u00f3 szagmolekul\u00e1kat gy\u0171jtenek a leveg\u0151b\u0151l<\/strong> \u00e9s a k\u00f6rnyezet fel\u00fcleteir\u0151l, majd ezeket a sz\u00e1jpadl\u00e1sban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 Jacobson-szervhez<\/strong> juttatj\u00e1k. Ennek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel k\u00f6vethetik a zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny nyom\u00e1t, \u00e9rz\u00e9kelhetik fajt\u00e1rsaik jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9t \u00e9s t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3dhatnak k\u00f6rnyezet\u00fckben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u00f3 p\u00e9lda erre a z\u00f6ld fapiton (Morelia viridis)<\/em><\/strong>, amely f\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9jszaka akt\u00edv. Az \u00e1gakon tart\u00f3zkodva rendszeresen nyelv\u00f6lt\u00f6get\u00e9ssel gy\u0171jt k\u00e9miai inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat a k\u00f6rnyezet\u00e9b\u0151l<\/strong>. A vill\u00e1s nyelv \u00e9s a Jacobson-szerv seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel a l\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl is \u00e9rz\u00e9kelheti a zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9re utal\u00f3 k\u00e9miai nyomokat, ami s\u00f6t\u00e9tben k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen hasznos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A h\u0151 is el\u00e1rulhatja a zs\u00e1km\u00e1nyt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Egyes pitonok az \u00e9jszakai vad\u00e1szat sor\u00e1n a zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny \u00e1ltal kibocs\u00e1tott infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s, vagyis h\u0151sug\u00e1rz\u00e1st is \u00e9rz\u00e9kelik<\/strong>. A fej\u00fck\u00f6n, az ajakpikkelyek ment\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 h\u0151\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151 g\u00f6dr\u00f6k <\/strong>seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel nagyon gyenge f\u00e9nyben is inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t szerezhetnek a k\u00f6zel\u00fckben l\u00e9v\u0151 meleg testek helyzet\u00e9r\u0151l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kir\u00e1lypiton h\u0151\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151 m\u00e9lyed\u00e9sekkel az ajakpikkelyein. Fot\u00f3: S\u00fct\u0151-Nagy Borb\u00e1la<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A terrarisztik\u00e1ban j\u00f3l ismert kir\u00e1lypiton (Python regius)<\/em><\/strong> is rendelkezik ilyen h\u0151\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151 m\u00e9lyed\u00e9sekkel. Ezek az ajakpikkelyein tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00e9rz\u00e9kszervek seg\u00edtik abban, hogy s\u00f6t\u00e9tben is pontosabban meghat\u00e1rozza a melegv\u00e9r\u0171 zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny helyzet\u00e9t. Ez k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen el\u0151ny\u00f6s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, amikor rejtekhelye k\u00f6zel\u00e9ben vagy lesben \u00e1llva v\u00e1rja a megfelel\u0151 pillanatot a t\u00e1mad\u00e1sra.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezg\u00e9sekb\u0151l olvasni<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9jszakai \u00e1llatoknak nem felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl kell l\u00e1tniuk vagy hallaniuk ahhoz, hogy \u00e9szrevegy\u00e9k, mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik k\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00f6tt\u00fck. Sok \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00fa a talajon \u00e9s a leveg\u0151ben terjed\u0151 apr\u00f3 rezg\u00e9sekre is rendk\u00edv\u00fcl \u00e9rz\u00e9keny<\/strong>, \u00edgy s\u00f6t\u00e9tben is \u00e9rz\u00e9kelheti a k\u00f6zeled\u0151 zs\u00e1km\u00e1nyt vagy vesz\u00e9lyt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A terrarisztik\u00e1ban j\u00f3l ismert mexik\u00f3i v\u00f6r\u00f6st\u00e9rd\u0171 mad\u00e1rp\u00f3k (Brachypelma hamorii<\/em>)<\/strong> test\u00e9t \u00e9s l\u00e1bait sz\u00e1mos \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151 sz\u0151r bor\u00edtja. Ezek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel olyan finom l\u00e9gmozg\u00e1sokat \u00e9s rezg\u00e9seket is \u00e9szlelhet, amelyek egy k\u00f6zelben mozg\u00f3 rovar jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9re utalnak. \u00c9jszakai vad\u00e1szat\u00e1n\u00e1l ez\u00e9rt nem kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a l\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1ra t\u00e1maszkodik.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hangtalan mozg\u00e1s, pontos t\u00e1mad\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9jszakai vad\u00e1szat sor\u00e1n nemcsak az sz\u00e1m\u00edt, hogy az \u00e1llat \u00e9szrevegye a zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny\u00e1t, hanem az is, hogy \u00e9szrev\u00e9tlen\u00fcl meg tudja k\u00f6zel\u00edteni<\/strong>. Sok \u00e9jszakai ragadoz\u00f3 lass\u00fa, \u00f3vatos mozg\u00e1ssal vagy mozdulatlan lesben \u00e1ll\u00e1ssal n\u00f6veli a sikeres zs\u00e1km\u00e1nyszerz\u00e9s es\u00e9ly\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A leop\u00e1rdgekk\u00f3 (<\/strong>Eublepharis macularius<\/strong><\/em>)<\/strong> f\u0151k\u00e9nt alkonyatkor \u00e9s \u00e9jszaka akt\u00edv rovarev\u0151 gy\u00edk. Vad\u00e1szat k\u00f6zben gyakran lassan k\u00f6zel\u00edti meg a kiszemelt rovart, majd a megfelel\u0151 pillanatban gyors mozdulattal csap le r\u00e1. A t\u00fcrelmes becserk\u00e9sz\u00e9s \u00e9s a hirtelen t\u00e1mad\u00e1s kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3ja<\/strong> lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a zs\u00e1km\u00e1ny\u00e1nak kevesebb ideje maradjon a menek\u00fcl\u00e9sre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rejt\u0151sz\u00edn: l\u00e1thatatlann\u00e1 v\u00e1lni a k\u00f6rnyezetben<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9g \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban m\u00e9g nem garant\u00e1lja a biztons\u00e1got. Sok \u00e9jszakai \u00e1llatnak nappal is el kell rejt\u0151znie<\/strong>, amikor a ragadoz\u00f3k k\u00f6nnyebben \u00e9szrevehetik. A rejt\u0151sz\u00edn \u00e9s a test mint\u00e1zata seg\u00edthet abban, hogy az \u00e1llat beleolvadjon term\u00e9szetes k\u00f6rnyezet\u00e9be<\/strong>, legyen sz\u00f3 fak\u00e9regr\u0151l, szikl\u00e1kr\u00f3l vagy lehullott levelekr\u0151l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Henkel-lev\u00e9lfark\u00fa gekk\u00f3 rejt\u0151 sz\u00edn\u00e9vel. Fot\u00f3: kuritafsheen.stock.adobe.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Henkel-lev\u00e9lfark\u00fa gekk\u00f3 (Uroplatus henkeli)<\/em><\/strong> az \u00e1lc\u00e1z\u00e1s egyik k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges mestere. Madagaszk\u00e1r erdeiben \u00e9l, \u00e9s f\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9jszaka akt\u00edv. Barn\u00e1s-sz\u00fcrk\u00e9s sz\u00ednezete \u00e9s szab\u00e1lytalan mint\u00e1zata a fak\u00e9regre eml\u00e9keztet, \u00edgy szinte \u00e9szrevehetetlenn\u00e9 v\u00e1lhat a fat\u00f6rzseken. Test\u00e9nek sz\u00e9lein b\u0151rred\u0151k h\u00faz\u00f3dnak, amelyek a fel\u00fclethez simulva elmoss\u00e1k a gekk\u00f3 k\u00f6rvonalait, \u00e9s cs\u00f6kkentik az \u00e1rny\u00e9k\u00e1t. Napk\u00f6zben gyakran mozdulatlanul, a fat\u00f6rzsh\u00f6z lapulva pihen<\/strong>, ahol k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges testfel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s rejt\u0151sz\u00edne seg\u00edt elker\u00fclni a ragadoz\u00f3k figyelm\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hangokkal kommunik\u00e1lni a s\u00f6t\u00e9tben<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9jszakai \u00e9letben nemcsak a l\u00e1t\u00e1s \u00e9s a szagl\u00e1s, hanem a hangokkal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 is fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszhat. A k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le h\u00edv\u00f3hangok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel az \u00e1llatok akkor is kapcsolatba l\u00e9phetnek egym\u00e1ssal, amikor a s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9g miatt nehezebb \u00e9szrevenni a fajt\u00e1rsakat.<\/strong> A hangad\u00e1s k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a p\u00e1rkeres\u00e9s \u00e9s a ter\u00fcletv\u00e9delem sor\u00e1n lehet el\u0151ny\u00f6s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A v\u00f6r\u00f6sszem\u0171 levelib\u00e9ka (Agalychnis callidryas)<\/em><\/strong> K\u00f6z\u00e9p-Amerika tr\u00f3pusi es\u0151erdeiben \u00e9l\u0151, f\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00e9jszaka akt\u00edv k\u00e9t\u00e9lt\u0171. A h\u00edmek a szaporod\u00e1si id\u0151szakban r\u00f6vid, jellegzetes h\u00edv\u00f3hangokat hallatnak, amelyekkel magukhoz vonzz\u00e1k a n\u0151st\u00e9nyeket, \u00e9s jelenl\u00e9t\u00fcket is jelzik a t\u00f6bbi h\u00edm sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. <\/strong>A hangok mellett a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyzeten kereszt\u00fcl terjed\u0151 rezg\u00e9seket is haszn\u00e1lhatj\u00e1k a ter\u00fcleti konfliktusok sor\u00e1n, \u00edgy t\u00f6bbf\u00e9le m\u00f3don kommunik\u00e1lhatnak egym\u00e1ssal a s\u00f6t\u00e9tben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V\u00f6r\u00f6sszem\u0171 levelib\u00e9ka egy lev\u00e9len \u00e9jszaka. Fot\u00f3: Galyna_Andrushko.elements.envato.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Egy m\u00e1sik vil\u00e1g a s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9gben<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9jszakai \u00e9lethez val\u00f3 alkalmazkod\u00e1s sokf\u00e9le form\u00e1t \u00f6lthet. A f\u00e9ny\u00e9rz\u00e9keny szemekt\u0151l \u00e9s a h\u0151\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9st\u0151l kezdve a finom rezg\u00e9sek \u00e9szlel\u00e9s\u00e9n \u00e1t a rejt\u0151sz\u00ednig sz\u00e1mos k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges tulajdons\u00e1g seg\u00edti az \u00e1llatokat abban, hogy a s\u00f6t\u00e9tben is sikeresen boldoguljanak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A terrarisztik\u00e1ban tartott \u00e9jszakai fajok megfigyel\u00e9se k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen \u00e9rdekes lehet, hiszen term\u00e9szetes viselked\u00e9s\u00fck jelent\u0151s r\u00e9sze csak a f\u00e9nyek kialv\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n bontakozik ki. A megfelel\u0151 b\u00fav\u00f3helyek, a term\u00e9szetes nappali \u00e9s \u00e9jszakai ritmus, valamint a faj ig\u00e9nyeihez igazod\u00f3 k\u00f6rnyezet biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa ez\u00e9rt nemcsak az \u00e1llatok j\u00f3ll\u00e9te szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l fontos, hanem ahhoz is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul, hogy jobban megismerhess\u00fck a s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9ghez alkalmazkodott \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9nyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges vil\u00e1g\u00e1t.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9gben az \u00e9jszakai \u00e1llatok k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e9rz\u00e9kszerveikre t\u00e1maszkodnak a t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3d\u00e1s \u00e9s a t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kszerz\u00e9s sor\u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":7571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,283,790],"tags":[4102,4100,4097,4103,4096,4106,3217],"class_list":["post-7562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-hullok","category-kategoria-nelkuli-hu","category-keteltuek","tag-allatok-erzekszervei","tag-ejszakai-allatok-alkalmazkodasa","tag-ejszakai-eletmod","tag-ejszakai-hullok","tag-ejszakai-vadaszat","tag-gekkok-ejszakai-latasa","tag-terrariumi-allatok"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c9jszakai \u00e1llatok: k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e9rz\u00e9kek \u00e9s alkalmazkod\u00e1sok<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c9jszakai \u00e1llatok k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e9rz\u00e9kekkel! 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