Geckos

Evolutionary history: Geckos form one of the most diverse radiations within the squamate reptiles (Squamata) and belong to the Gekkota lineage. Their fossil history extends deep into the Cretaceous: amber around 100 million years old preserves a gecko foot with a remarkably modern adhesive system, showing that sophisticated toe pads evolved very early in their history. Today, geckos reach their greatest diversity in tropical and subtropical regions, with major evolutionary radiations on continents and oceanic islands and representatives extending into warmer temperate climates.

Appearance and lifestyle: Geckos range from minute species only a few centimetres long to robust species reaching several tens of centimetres. In many species, dense fields of microscopic hair-like structures called setae allow the toes to adhere securely even to remarkably smooth surfaces, while others – including leopard geckos – lack adhesive pads altogether. Most geckos are nocturnal, although numerous lineages are active by day. They are also unusually vocal for lizards, using clicks, chirps and calls in territorial, courtship and social communication.

Ecological role: Most geckos prey on insects and other small invertebrates, making them important mid-level consumers in terrestrial food webs while also providing prey for larger predators. Some nectar- and fruit-feeding species, particularly on islands, also contribute to pollination and seed dispersal. The broader Gekkota lineage now contains close to 2,500 recognized living species, including many highly range-restricted endemics. Habitat loss, invasive predators and unsustainable collection can pose serious threats to such species, making both conservation and traceable, legal sourcing fundamental to responsible herpetoculture.